CRIMINAL JUSTICE ACAT QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS) ALREADY
GRADED A+
Historical Development of the Police English heritage- Sheriff
Ans✓✓✓is responsible for law enforcement on the county level and is
an elected position
Constable Ans✓✓✓is an official responsible for summonses and
subpoenas for people to appear in court for criminal/civil court (may
also have law enforcement capabilities depending on the area appointed)
Watchman Ans✓✓✓places an emphasis on informal means of resolving
disputes, such as violations of the law or threats/actual arrests to solve
disputes.
Shire Reeve Ans✓✓✓another name for the office of the sheriff, it
descends from the English tradition and is the oldest appointment of the
crown.
Comes Stabuli- Ans✓✓✓refers to the officer of state in western
European countries and also of certain executive legal officials in Great
Britain and the United States.
Bow Street Runners- Ans✓✓✓London's first professional police force.
Originally made up of six men was founded in 1749 by magistrate
Henry Fielding.
,London Metropolitan Police Ans✓✓✓founded by Sir Robert Peele in
1829, territorial police force responsible for law enforcement in greater
London. Also known as "bobbies."
Sir Robert Peel Ans✓✓✓was home secretary and created the
Metropolitan Police and introduced criminal law and prison reform in
London.
Henry Fielding Ans✓✓✓was the author of Tom Jones, was
commissioned as justice of the peace for Westminster and Middlesex.
He helped break up notorious criminal gangs. Created the Bow Street
Runners.
August Vollmer Ans✓✓✓first police chief of Berkeley, California and a
leading figure in the development of the field of criminal justice in the
20th century. Also known as the "Father of modern Law Enforcement."
The first police chief to create a motorized police force.
O.W. Wilson Ans✓✓✓Chief of police in Chicago in 1960-7 and worked
to create police professionalism as seen in his book Police
Administration in the criminal justice field. He worked to cut corruption
by creating a non-partisan police board, created a merit system for
promotions within the department and higher salaries to attract
professionally qualified officers.
,Political Era (1840-1930) Ans✓✓✓Police were to provide a wide range
of social service to the community. The police were decentralized and
mainly conducted patrols by foot and bicycle. Police was very corrupt
and many officers used brutality. This created a rise in organized crime.
Police reforms of the 60's and 70's Ans✓✓✓A crime control model was
established and the police departments became centralized entities. The
relationship with the community became professional and not as
approachable. Technology created police patrolling in cars and the
creation of 911 emergency number cut down response times for getting
help. Corruption was targeted in communities by creating law
enforcement ethical codes of conduct.
Wickersham Commission Ans✓✓✓The National Commission on Law
Observance and Enforcement was a committee created by President
Herbert Hoover in 1929. An 11 member group which surveyed the U.S.
criminal justice system under Prohibition and created new police
procedures.
Law Enforcement Assistance Administration (LEAA) Ans✓✓✓a
deferral agency within the U.S. Department of Justice. It administered
federal funding to state and local law enforcement agencies and funded
educational programs, research, state planning agencies, and local crime
initiatives that increased incarceration, enabling corporations to prison
labor. It was abolished in 1982.
National Advisory Commission on Criminal Justice Standards and Goals
Ans✓✓✓Appointed in 1971 and supported by $1.75 million LEAA
, grants to formulate for the first time national criminal justice standards
and goals for crime reduction and prevention at the state and local levels
of law enforcement.
Kansas City Preventive Patrol Experiment Ans✓✓✓a landmark
experiment carried out by the Kansas City Police Department between
1972-1973 found that traditional routine patrol in marked police cars
does not appear to affect the level of crime. Nor does it affect the
public's feeling of security. The experiment demonstrated that urban
police departments can successfully test patrol deployment strategies,
and that they can manipulate patrol resources without jeopardizing
public safety.
Minneapolis Domestic Violence Experiment Ans✓✓✓evaluated the
effectiveness of police responses to domestic violence calls in
Minneapolis, Minnesota. Lawrence W. Sherman implemented it during
1981-82. The study found that an arrest was the most effective response;
those that were arrested had lower recidivism rates
Oklahoma City Bombing Ans✓✓✓On April 19, 1995 a truck bomb
explosion outside the Alfred P. Murrah Federal building left 168 people
dead and hundreds more injured. Timothy McVeigh, who was executed
for his crime in 2001, set off the blast. Until September 11, 2001 it was
the worst terrorist attack to take place on U.S. soil.
Chicago Alternative Policing Strategy 1993 (CAPS) Ans✓✓✓it is a
community-based policing program established to transform policing
efforts into an efficient five-step process for law enforcement. The goal
DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS) ALREADY
GRADED A+
Historical Development of the Police English heritage- Sheriff
Ans✓✓✓is responsible for law enforcement on the county level and is
an elected position
Constable Ans✓✓✓is an official responsible for summonses and
subpoenas for people to appear in court for criminal/civil court (may
also have law enforcement capabilities depending on the area appointed)
Watchman Ans✓✓✓places an emphasis on informal means of resolving
disputes, such as violations of the law or threats/actual arrests to solve
disputes.
Shire Reeve Ans✓✓✓another name for the office of the sheriff, it
descends from the English tradition and is the oldest appointment of the
crown.
Comes Stabuli- Ans✓✓✓refers to the officer of state in western
European countries and also of certain executive legal officials in Great
Britain and the United States.
Bow Street Runners- Ans✓✓✓London's first professional police force.
Originally made up of six men was founded in 1749 by magistrate
Henry Fielding.
,London Metropolitan Police Ans✓✓✓founded by Sir Robert Peele in
1829, territorial police force responsible for law enforcement in greater
London. Also known as "bobbies."
Sir Robert Peel Ans✓✓✓was home secretary and created the
Metropolitan Police and introduced criminal law and prison reform in
London.
Henry Fielding Ans✓✓✓was the author of Tom Jones, was
commissioned as justice of the peace for Westminster and Middlesex.
He helped break up notorious criminal gangs. Created the Bow Street
Runners.
August Vollmer Ans✓✓✓first police chief of Berkeley, California and a
leading figure in the development of the field of criminal justice in the
20th century. Also known as the "Father of modern Law Enforcement."
The first police chief to create a motorized police force.
O.W. Wilson Ans✓✓✓Chief of police in Chicago in 1960-7 and worked
to create police professionalism as seen in his book Police
Administration in the criminal justice field. He worked to cut corruption
by creating a non-partisan police board, created a merit system for
promotions within the department and higher salaries to attract
professionally qualified officers.
,Political Era (1840-1930) Ans✓✓✓Police were to provide a wide range
of social service to the community. The police were decentralized and
mainly conducted patrols by foot and bicycle. Police was very corrupt
and many officers used brutality. This created a rise in organized crime.
Police reforms of the 60's and 70's Ans✓✓✓A crime control model was
established and the police departments became centralized entities. The
relationship with the community became professional and not as
approachable. Technology created police patrolling in cars and the
creation of 911 emergency number cut down response times for getting
help. Corruption was targeted in communities by creating law
enforcement ethical codes of conduct.
Wickersham Commission Ans✓✓✓The National Commission on Law
Observance and Enforcement was a committee created by President
Herbert Hoover in 1929. An 11 member group which surveyed the U.S.
criminal justice system under Prohibition and created new police
procedures.
Law Enforcement Assistance Administration (LEAA) Ans✓✓✓a
deferral agency within the U.S. Department of Justice. It administered
federal funding to state and local law enforcement agencies and funded
educational programs, research, state planning agencies, and local crime
initiatives that increased incarceration, enabling corporations to prison
labor. It was abolished in 1982.
National Advisory Commission on Criminal Justice Standards and Goals
Ans✓✓✓Appointed in 1971 and supported by $1.75 million LEAA
, grants to formulate for the first time national criminal justice standards
and goals for crime reduction and prevention at the state and local levels
of law enforcement.
Kansas City Preventive Patrol Experiment Ans✓✓✓a landmark
experiment carried out by the Kansas City Police Department between
1972-1973 found that traditional routine patrol in marked police cars
does not appear to affect the level of crime. Nor does it affect the
public's feeling of security. The experiment demonstrated that urban
police departments can successfully test patrol deployment strategies,
and that they can manipulate patrol resources without jeopardizing
public safety.
Minneapolis Domestic Violence Experiment Ans✓✓✓evaluated the
effectiveness of police responses to domestic violence calls in
Minneapolis, Minnesota. Lawrence W. Sherman implemented it during
1981-82. The study found that an arrest was the most effective response;
those that were arrested had lower recidivism rates
Oklahoma City Bombing Ans✓✓✓On April 19, 1995 a truck bomb
explosion outside the Alfred P. Murrah Federal building left 168 people
dead and hundreds more injured. Timothy McVeigh, who was executed
for his crime in 2001, set off the blast. Until September 11, 2001 it was
the worst terrorist attack to take place on U.S. soil.
Chicago Alternative Policing Strategy 1993 (CAPS) Ans✓✓✓it is a
community-based policing program established to transform policing
efforts into an efficient five-step process for law enforcement. The goal
