IV Therapy Course Exam Questions & Answers
-IV Tubing good for 24 hours
-IV site needs to be changed every 96 hours
24-96-24-4 -TPN only good for 24 hours
-blood can only hang for 4 hours
-Cephalic
-Basilic
Main veins for IVs -median cubital
-Antebrachial
Tourniquet -left on no longer than 2 minutes
Attempt policy -2 attempts per nurse, 4 total attempts
EMS/"dirty" IV lines -need to be changed in 24 hours
-look like peripherals, but only go to axilla
-treat it like a peripheral
Midline IVs -good for 29 days
-used for therapy longer than 6 days
-cant be inserted on side if mastectomy was done
PICC lines -dressing change q7days
-do not remove IV
Extravasation -call pharmacy to see if there is an antidote that can be given
-type and screen good for 3 days
-be sure to check for consent
Blood transfusions -do pre transfusion vitals, and then 15 min after infusion
-must transfuse blood in 4 hours*
Veins -do not pulsate and will collapse when pressed
Aberrant artery -artery that is unusually superficial
Superficial fascia -the location of the veins used for venipuncture
-extra body fat
-excessive burns
Factors affecting ability to use veins -IV drug use
-digital
-metacarpal
-cephalic
Basic vessel locations -basilica
-median
-cephalic
-basilic
Veins of the forearm -median cubital
-median ante brachial
-enclosed w/ arteries
-arteriovenous anastomosis may occur because of injury, recognize quickly to avoid
Deep veins pain
Which vein runs over 2 arteries? -basilic
-chemical
-mechanical
Causes of arterial spasm -temperature irritation
Fluid and electrolytes
1
, IV Therapy Course Exam Questions & Answers
-adults are 50-60% water
-lean bodies have higher water
Fluid balance of adults -
ICF -fluid within the cells
Cations -positive charge
Anions -negative charge
-quantitative expression for positive or negatively charged particles
Milliequivalent -total of all cations in plasma is 155mEq/L
-Na+
-principle cation of ECF
Sodium -142mEq/L
-K+
Potassium -5 mEq/L
-Ca+
Calcium -5 mEq/L
-Mg+
Magnesium -3mEq/L
-Cl-
Chloride -105 mEq/L
-HCO3-
Bicarbonate -25mEq
Major cation of ICF Potassium
-determine water distribution by determining osmotic pressure of fluids
-transmit impulses
Function of electrolytes -acid-base balance
Osmosis -movement of WATER from low solute concentration to high concentration
Osmotic pressure -the greater number of solutes, the greater osmotic pressure
Tonicity -concentration of substances dissolved in water
Isotonic -same osmolality of blood
-lover osmolality than blood
Hypotonic -infusion pulls fluid into cells, may cause them to burst
-greater osmolality than blood
Hypertonic -infusion pulls water out of the cells and causes them to shrink
D5NS -Hypertonic
D5 1/3NS -Slightly hypertonic
0.45NS -Hypotonic
D2.5W -Hypotonic
D10W -Hypertonic
Treating dehydration -use hypotonic solutions
Fluid maintenance -Isotonic or slightly hypertonic
Volume replacement -use slightly hypertonic
1. estimate quantity of fluid and electrolyte loss
3 Essential steps in treating fluid/electrolyte 2. calculate fluid and electrolytes for replacement
disorders 3. monitor for adequacy
2
-IV Tubing good for 24 hours
-IV site needs to be changed every 96 hours
24-96-24-4 -TPN only good for 24 hours
-blood can only hang for 4 hours
-Cephalic
-Basilic
Main veins for IVs -median cubital
-Antebrachial
Tourniquet -left on no longer than 2 minutes
Attempt policy -2 attempts per nurse, 4 total attempts
EMS/"dirty" IV lines -need to be changed in 24 hours
-look like peripherals, but only go to axilla
-treat it like a peripheral
Midline IVs -good for 29 days
-used for therapy longer than 6 days
-cant be inserted on side if mastectomy was done
PICC lines -dressing change q7days
-do not remove IV
Extravasation -call pharmacy to see if there is an antidote that can be given
-type and screen good for 3 days
-be sure to check for consent
Blood transfusions -do pre transfusion vitals, and then 15 min after infusion
-must transfuse blood in 4 hours*
Veins -do not pulsate and will collapse when pressed
Aberrant artery -artery that is unusually superficial
Superficial fascia -the location of the veins used for venipuncture
-extra body fat
-excessive burns
Factors affecting ability to use veins -IV drug use
-digital
-metacarpal
-cephalic
Basic vessel locations -basilica
-median
-cephalic
-basilic
Veins of the forearm -median cubital
-median ante brachial
-enclosed w/ arteries
-arteriovenous anastomosis may occur because of injury, recognize quickly to avoid
Deep veins pain
Which vein runs over 2 arteries? -basilic
-chemical
-mechanical
Causes of arterial spasm -temperature irritation
Fluid and electrolytes
1
, IV Therapy Course Exam Questions & Answers
-adults are 50-60% water
-lean bodies have higher water
Fluid balance of adults -
ICF -fluid within the cells
Cations -positive charge
Anions -negative charge
-quantitative expression for positive or negatively charged particles
Milliequivalent -total of all cations in plasma is 155mEq/L
-Na+
-principle cation of ECF
Sodium -142mEq/L
-K+
Potassium -5 mEq/L
-Ca+
Calcium -5 mEq/L
-Mg+
Magnesium -3mEq/L
-Cl-
Chloride -105 mEq/L
-HCO3-
Bicarbonate -25mEq
Major cation of ICF Potassium
-determine water distribution by determining osmotic pressure of fluids
-transmit impulses
Function of electrolytes -acid-base balance
Osmosis -movement of WATER from low solute concentration to high concentration
Osmotic pressure -the greater number of solutes, the greater osmotic pressure
Tonicity -concentration of substances dissolved in water
Isotonic -same osmolality of blood
-lover osmolality than blood
Hypotonic -infusion pulls fluid into cells, may cause them to burst
-greater osmolality than blood
Hypertonic -infusion pulls water out of the cells and causes them to shrink
D5NS -Hypertonic
D5 1/3NS -Slightly hypertonic
0.45NS -Hypotonic
D2.5W -Hypotonic
D10W -Hypertonic
Treating dehydration -use hypotonic solutions
Fluid maintenance -Isotonic or slightly hypertonic
Volume replacement -use slightly hypertonic
1. estimate quantity of fluid and electrolyte loss
3 Essential steps in treating fluid/electrolyte 2. calculate fluid and electrolytes for replacement
disorders 3. monitor for adequacy
2
