ASCP MOLECULAR BIOLOGY CERTIFICATION EXAM FULLY SOLVED & UPDATED (LATEST VERSION VERIFIED FOR ACCURACY)| LATEST!!

ASCP MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
CERTIFICATION EXAM FULLY SOLVED
& UPDATED 2025-2026(LATEST
VERSION VERIFIED FOR ACCURACY)|
2024\2025 LATEST!!
Pyrimidine.-.CORRECT.ANSWER-One.carbon.ring
Cytosine,.Thymine,.Uracil

What.is.the.function.of.mRNA?.-.CORRECT.ANSWER-
Carries.genetic.info.out.of.nucleus
Transcript.translated.to.protein

What.is.the.function.of.tRNA?.-.CORRECT.ANSWER-
Carries.aa.to.ribosome
Anticodon.pairs.with.codon.on.mRNA.strand

What.is.the.function.of.rRNA?.-.CORRECT.ANSWER-
part.of.ribosome.structure
most.abundant.RNA
coordinated.coupling.of.tRNA.to.mRNA.codons

Feedback.inhibition.-.CORRECT.ANSWER-
Product.of.pathway.is.noncompetitive.inhibitor
Binds.to.allosteric.site.to.slow.down.rxn.b/c.too.much.produc
t

Endonucleases.(Prok).-.CORRECT.ANSWER-
Restriction.enzymes

,Cleaves.phoshpodiester.bonds.w/i.poly-nt.chain
Recognition.site.is.palindromic.sequence
Types.I-V

ORI.sites.-.CORRECT.ANSWER-
nt.sequence.where.replication.is.initiated

Topoisomerase.I.-.CORRECT.ANSWER-Induces.ss.breaks
Remove.DNA.supercoils.during.TXN.and.DNA.replication;.for.
strand.breakage.during.recombination;.for.chr.condensation;
.and.to.disentangle.intertwined.DNA.during.mitosis


topoisomerase.II.-.CORRECT.ANSWER-
cuts.both.strands.of.one.DNA.double.helix,.passes.another.u
nbroken.DNA.helix.through.it,.and.then.reanneals.the.cut.str
ands

Gyrase.(topoisomerase.II).-.CORRECT.ANSWER-
Unwinds.supercoiling.caused.by.unwinding.at.the.rep.fork.by
.introducing.DSBs


Helicase.-.CORRECT.ANSWER-Breaks.H-
bonds.of.double.helix.at.the.replication.fork

single-strand.DNA.binding.proteins.(SSBPs).-
.CORRECT.ANSWER-Binds.ssDNA.and.prevents.it.from.re-
annealing.during.TXN,.replication,.repair,.and.recombinatio
n

Telomeres.-.CORRECT.ANSWER-
Repeat.sequence.(TTAGGG).at.the.ends.of.chr,.protect.chr.fro
m.degradation

,RNA.polymerase.-.CORRECT.ANSWER-
DNA.dependent.RNApol
Transcribes.DNA.template.to.RNA.(3'-->5';.anti-parallel)

Splicesomes.-.CORRECT.ANSWER-Complex.of.snRNPs
Removes.introns.from.pre-mRNA.and.splices.exons.together

Enhancers.-.CORRECT.ANSWER-
Short.regions.of.DNA.that.bind.proteins.(TXN.factors).that.en
hance.TXN.of.a.gene

Reverse.transcriptase.-.CORRECT.ANSWER-
enzyme.that.transcribes.RNA.to.cDNA.(lacks.introns)
RNA.-->.RNA:DNA.-->.cDNA.(dsDNA)

Open.Reading.Frame.(ORF).-.CORRECT.ANSWER-
sections.of.DNA.that.begin.with.start.codons.and.end.with.sto
p.codons
DNA:.5'.-->.3'
transcription:.3'.-->.5'.DNA.-->.RNA.(promoter)
translation:.5'.-->.3'.mRNA

Spectrophotometer.-.CORRECT.ANSWER-
Measures.amount.of.light.absorbed
Quantitative.measurement.of.[DNA/RNA]

At.what.wavelength.does.DNA.and.RNA.absorb?.-
.CORRECT.ANSWER-260.nm


At.what.wavelength.does.protein.absorb?.-
.CORRECT.ANSWER-280.nm


Organic.isolation.method.-.CORRECT.ANSWER-1..Lyse
2..Add.phenol/.chloroform.>.vortex/spin

, 3..Transfer.aqueous.layer.(top).to.new.tube
4..Add.chloroform:IAA.(removes.phenol).>.vortex/spin
5..Transfer.aqueous.layer.to.new.tube
6..Add.NaOAc.and.EtOH.>.vortex/spin
7..Decant
8..Resuspend

What.does.the.incubation.step.in.hybridization.do?.-
.CORRECT.ANSWER-Allows.formation.of.ds.molecules


Formamide.acts.as.a.__________.in.a.hybridization..-
.CORRECT.ANSWER-denaturing.agent


Line.Probe.Assay.(LiPA).-.CORRECT.ANSWER-
reverse.hybridization.assay.using.sequence-
specific.oligonucleotide.probes.(reverse.SSOP)
multi-parameter.testing.-->.single.strip

Single-
Stranded.Conformational.Polymorphism.Ananlysis.(SSCP).-
.CORRECT.ANSWER-Used.for.known.gene,.unknown.mut
Mutation.screening
Short.PCR.products.form.3D.conformation.when.cooled.--
>.muts.have.different.conformation.than.WT
Non-denaturing.PAGE,.muts.migrate.different.than.WT

How.does.EtBr.cause.DNA.to.fluoresce?.-
.CORRECT.ANSWER-Intercalates.into.the.double.helix
Absorbs.UV.~300.nm,.emits.~600.nm

Pulse.Field.Gel.Electrophoresis.steps.-.CORRECT.ANSWER-
1..culture
2..embed.pellet.in.agarose.plug
3..treat.w/.lysozyme.(cell.lysis)