NUR 114 Exam 4 – Accurate Solutions For Every
Question
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Terms in this set (246)
a clinical syndrome characterized by symptoms of fluid
what is heart failure? overload and poor tissue perfusion that both result in
decreased cardiac output
progressive.
HF is a chronic, _____________
condition that is managed
It is managed with lifestyle changes and medications to
with?
prevent episodes of acute decompensated heart failure
which race has a higher african americans
incidence of HF, african
americans or caucasians?
the greater the stretch, the stronger is the heart's
contraction.
Frank-Starling Law
associated with HF
how many classifications of four; A-D, with D being the final and worst. D indicates
HF are there? end-stage HF
what marker tells us "how BNP - should be less than 100.
much fluid is on board"
what is the normal ejection 55%-65%
fraction percentage in a
healthy heart?
1. JVD
2. Dependant Edema
what are the s/s of right 3. Hepatomegaly
sided heart failure? 4. Ascites
5. Weight gain
6. Polyuria (nocturia)
, the patient stands or sits for long periods of time
Edema usually affects the
feet and ankles and
telling patient to elevate the legs can help decrease
worsens when?
edema
1. dyspnea / DOE
2. cough (dry, nonproductive initially)
3. pulmonary crackles
4. decreased O2 sat
what are the s/s of left 5. S3 (ventricular gallop)
sided HF? 6. orthopnea
7. oliguria
8. frothy sputum
Left = Lung issues
- poor perfusion
- dysrhythmias
what are some potential
- thromboembolism
complications of HF?
- pericardial effusion / cardiac tamponade
- pulmonary edema
- BNP is a key diagnostic factor. Levels greater than 100
indicate high cardiac filling.
what tests might be done
to diagnose HF? electrolytes, urinalysis, BUN, serum creatinine, ECG,
echocardiogram, ABG's, CXR, and a variety of other
tests may be used
the goals of medical relieving patient symptoms, improving functional status,
management of HF may and quality of life, and to extend survival
include?
- restriction of dietary sodium
what are some lifestyle - avoidance of smoking (including passive)
recommendations for a - avoid excessive fluids and alcohol
patient with HF? - weight reduction if indicated
- regular exercise
- Ace inhibitors
- ARBS
Name the medications that
- Beta blockers
may be used for treatment
- Diuretics
of HF?
- Digitalis
- Hydralazine and Dinitrate
, - They decrease secretion of aldosterone, decreasing
retention of sodium and water
- they may be the first medication prescribed for
patients in mild failure
- started at a low dose that is gradually increased
nursing considerations for
- may be d/c if potassium levels remain greater than 5.5
ACE Inhibitors
or if the serum creatinine rises
- may cause hypotension, hyperkalemia, cough, or
angioedema
- if angioedema occurs, d/c the medication immediately
- prevents progression and relieves symptoms
- the therapeutic effects of these drugs may not be
seen for weeks or months
- side effects are most common in the initial few weeks
of treatment
nursing considerations for - they are started at a low dose and titrated up every
beta-blockers few weeks with close monitoring
- contraindicated for patients with history of COPD or
asthma
- may cause bradycardia, hypotension, dizziness, fatigue
- relieves symptoms
- monitor serum potassium closely
- both a loop and a thiazide diuretic may be used in
patients with severe HF who are unresponsive to a
Nursing considerations for
single diuretic
Lasix (loop diuretic) and
-loop diuretics are administered IV for exacerbations of
HCTZ (thiazide diuretic)
HF when rapid diuresis is needed
- will decrease s/s
- monitor kidney function
what is spironolactone's aldosterone antagonist
drug category?
medications used to treat HF. Will dilate the blood
Hydralazine and Isosorbide
vessels. Observe for symptomatic hypotension
, - It is a positive inotropic drug
- decreased the s/s of HF
- improves cardiac contractility
Nursing considerations for - can result in bradycardia or digitalis toxicity
digitalis - patients with renal dysfunction and older patients
should receive smaller doses of digoxin
- can cause hypokalemia
- hold with an apical pulse of less than 60
what are the s/s of dig anorexia, nausea, visual disturbances (yellow halos),
toxicity? confusion, bradycardia
Digoxin Level 0.6-1.2
(Therapeutic)
what is the antidote for Digibind
digoxin toxicity?
patient education that was patient education that was performed MUST be
performed MUST be documented
documented
A patient newly diagnosed C. Eggs
with heart failure is advised
to avoid foods high in
sodium. The nurse knows
the teaching has been
effective when the client
chooses which food option
for a snack?
A. caviar
B. canned beans
C. eggs
D. a slice of pizza
Question
Save
Terms in this set (246)
a clinical syndrome characterized by symptoms of fluid
what is heart failure? overload and poor tissue perfusion that both result in
decreased cardiac output
progressive.
HF is a chronic, _____________
condition that is managed
It is managed with lifestyle changes and medications to
with?
prevent episodes of acute decompensated heart failure
which race has a higher african americans
incidence of HF, african
americans or caucasians?
the greater the stretch, the stronger is the heart's
contraction.
Frank-Starling Law
associated with HF
how many classifications of four; A-D, with D being the final and worst. D indicates
HF are there? end-stage HF
what marker tells us "how BNP - should be less than 100.
much fluid is on board"
what is the normal ejection 55%-65%
fraction percentage in a
healthy heart?
1. JVD
2. Dependant Edema
what are the s/s of right 3. Hepatomegaly
sided heart failure? 4. Ascites
5. Weight gain
6. Polyuria (nocturia)
, the patient stands or sits for long periods of time
Edema usually affects the
feet and ankles and
telling patient to elevate the legs can help decrease
worsens when?
edema
1. dyspnea / DOE
2. cough (dry, nonproductive initially)
3. pulmonary crackles
4. decreased O2 sat
what are the s/s of left 5. S3 (ventricular gallop)
sided HF? 6. orthopnea
7. oliguria
8. frothy sputum
Left = Lung issues
- poor perfusion
- dysrhythmias
what are some potential
- thromboembolism
complications of HF?
- pericardial effusion / cardiac tamponade
- pulmonary edema
- BNP is a key diagnostic factor. Levels greater than 100
indicate high cardiac filling.
what tests might be done
to diagnose HF? electrolytes, urinalysis, BUN, serum creatinine, ECG,
echocardiogram, ABG's, CXR, and a variety of other
tests may be used
the goals of medical relieving patient symptoms, improving functional status,
management of HF may and quality of life, and to extend survival
include?
- restriction of dietary sodium
what are some lifestyle - avoidance of smoking (including passive)
recommendations for a - avoid excessive fluids and alcohol
patient with HF? - weight reduction if indicated
- regular exercise
- Ace inhibitors
- ARBS
Name the medications that
- Beta blockers
may be used for treatment
- Diuretics
of HF?
- Digitalis
- Hydralazine and Dinitrate
, - They decrease secretion of aldosterone, decreasing
retention of sodium and water
- they may be the first medication prescribed for
patients in mild failure
- started at a low dose that is gradually increased
nursing considerations for
- may be d/c if potassium levels remain greater than 5.5
ACE Inhibitors
or if the serum creatinine rises
- may cause hypotension, hyperkalemia, cough, or
angioedema
- if angioedema occurs, d/c the medication immediately
- prevents progression and relieves symptoms
- the therapeutic effects of these drugs may not be
seen for weeks or months
- side effects are most common in the initial few weeks
of treatment
nursing considerations for - they are started at a low dose and titrated up every
beta-blockers few weeks with close monitoring
- contraindicated for patients with history of COPD or
asthma
- may cause bradycardia, hypotension, dizziness, fatigue
- relieves symptoms
- monitor serum potassium closely
- both a loop and a thiazide diuretic may be used in
patients with severe HF who are unresponsive to a
Nursing considerations for
single diuretic
Lasix (loop diuretic) and
-loop diuretics are administered IV for exacerbations of
HCTZ (thiazide diuretic)
HF when rapid diuresis is needed
- will decrease s/s
- monitor kidney function
what is spironolactone's aldosterone antagonist
drug category?
medications used to treat HF. Will dilate the blood
Hydralazine and Isosorbide
vessels. Observe for symptomatic hypotension
, - It is a positive inotropic drug
- decreased the s/s of HF
- improves cardiac contractility
Nursing considerations for - can result in bradycardia or digitalis toxicity
digitalis - patients with renal dysfunction and older patients
should receive smaller doses of digoxin
- can cause hypokalemia
- hold with an apical pulse of less than 60
what are the s/s of dig anorexia, nausea, visual disturbances (yellow halos),
toxicity? confusion, bradycardia
Digoxin Level 0.6-1.2
(Therapeutic)
what is the antidote for Digibind
digoxin toxicity?
patient education that was patient education that was performed MUST be
performed MUST be documented
documented
A patient newly diagnosed C. Eggs
with heart failure is advised
to avoid foods high in
sodium. The nurse knows
the teaching has been
effective when the client
chooses which food option
for a snack?
A. caviar
B. canned beans
C. eggs
D. a slice of pizza
