, Chapter 1: Health Defined: Health Promotion, Prevention, and Protection Dames, Luctkar-
Flude and Tyerman: Edelman and Kudzma’s Canadian Health Promotion Throughout the
Life Span, 1st Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. How is disease defined?
a. The failure of a person’s adaptive mechanisms to counteract stimuli and stress
es adequately, resulting in functional or structural disturbances
b. Disease and illness are components of a struggle for balance in the bodily systems
c. The failure of a person’s bodily systems in responding to stresses, resulting in a hormo
nal imbalance
d. The assault by stimuli and stress on the body’s core defence systems
ANS: A
Disease may be defined as the failure of a person’s adaptive mechanisms to counteract stim
uli and stresses adequately, resulting in functional or structural disturbances. This definition
is an ecological concept of disease, which uses multiple factors to determine the cause of
disease, rather than describing a single cause. Disease and illness are not synonymous.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember (Knowledge) REF: Disease, Illness, and Health OBJ: 1 TOP: Asses
sment MSC: Health Promotion and Maintenance
2. How can health be defined?
a. As the absence of disease and illness
b. As the person’s philosophy for living in harmony with their environment
c. A state of physical, mental, and spiritual well-being
d. A state of physical, mental, spiritual, and social functioning that realizes a person
’s potential and is experienced within a developmental context.
ANS: D
Definitions of health have evolved as the nature of health and illness becomes better under
stood. Health is much more than the absence of disease and illness. It is a state of physical
, mental, spiritual, and social functioning that realizes a person’s potential and is experience
d within a developmental context.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) REF: Health and Wellness OBJ: 1 TOP: Assessment
MSC: Health Promotion and Maintenance
3. The 1986 Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion document provides a blueprint for health
promotion in Canada. Which of the following statements is correct concerning this model?
a. The focus is on environment and the ability to achieve health on a personal and societal
level.
b. It depicts health promotion as the process of enabling people to increase control ov
er and improve their health.
c. It provides a view of health promotion that is focused on people taking control
of their own health.
d. It is most closely aligned with a clinical model of health.
, ANS: B
The Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion provides a blueprint for health promotion in Can
ada. Within this model, health promotion is depicted as the process of enabling people to inc
rease control over and improve their health.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) REF: Health Promotion OBJ: 2 TOP: Assessme
nt MSC: Health Promotion and Maintenance
4. Which of the following is a tool used to measure quality of life?
a. CDCQOL-BREF (from the Centers for Disease Control)
b. McGowan Quality of Life Questionnaire
c. WHOQOL-BREF (World Health Organization)
d. Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion
ANS: C
Multiple tools are available for measuring quality of life, including a general measure estab
lished by the World Health Organization Quality of Life, WHOQOL-
BREF and the McGill Quality of Life Questionnaire for use at the end of life. The Ottawa
Charter for Health Promotion provides a framework for health promotion, rather than meas
uring quality of life.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand (Comprehension) REF: Health Promotion OBJ: 2 TOP:
Assessment MSC: Health Promotion and Maintenance
5. Which of the following best describes a care recipient who has an illness?
a. Someone who has well-controlled diabetes
b. Someone with hypercholesterolemia
c. Someone with a headache
d. Someone with coronary artery disease without angina
ANS: C
Someone with a headache represents a person with an illness. An illness is made up of the
subjective experience of the individual and the physical manifestation of disease. It can be
g
described as a response characterized by a mismatch between a person’s needs and the res
ources available to meet those needs. A person can have a disease without feeling ill. The ot
her choices represent disease.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Analyze (Analysis) REF: Disease, Illness, and Health OBJ: 4 TOP:
Assessment MSC: Health Promotion and Maintenance
6. Which Canadian report is considered to be a landmark document in creating a glob
al approach to health?
a. Population Health Promotion Model
b. Healthy People 2020
c. Framework for Health Promotion in Canada
d. World Health Organization Quality of Life
ANS: C
By the mid-1980s, Canada became a world leader in the formulation of health-
promotion ideals and strategies, particularly with the unveiling of the Framework for Healt
h Promotion in Canada at the first World Health Organization (WHO) conference on healt
h promotion in Ottawa. The overall goal of ―achieving health for all‖ in this report identifi es
three health
, challenges: reducing inequities, increasing prevention, and enhancing coping. The three
health-promotion mechanisms to address these challenges are self-
care, mutual aid, and healthy environments. The final component of the framework co
nsists of three implementation strategies: fostering public participation, strengthening co
mmunity health services; and coordinating health public policy.
Healthy People 2020 is a US-
based document to guide planning for health care. The WHO Quality of Life tool is a qualit
y of life measurement tool used by health care workers. The
Population Health Promotion Model was developed to provide an overall framework to guide he
alth promotion by blending both health promotion and population health concepts.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember (Knowledge)
REF: The Evolution of Health Promotion in Canada OBJ: 3 TOP: Planning
MSC: Health Promotion and Maintenance
7. Which of the following is one of the three programs that the Public Health Agency of Cana
da (PHAC) is focused on for improving the health of Canadians?
a. Decreased tobacco use in youth throughout the country
b. Health promotion and disease prevention
c. Increased public funding for health insurance
d. Decreased hospital re-admission rates
ANS: B
The aim of the Public Health Agency of Canada (PHAC) is to promote and protect the healt
h of Canadians through leadership, partnership, innovation, and action in public health. Amo
ng the agency’s recent plans are three programs: public health infrastructure; health promot ion
and disease prevention; and health security. Choices A, C, and D are possible strategies to
achieve the goals of this program.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember (Knowledge)
REF: The Role of the Public Health Agency of Canada in Health Promotion, Prevention,
and Protection OBJ: 3 TOP: Planning
MSC: Health Promotion and Maintenance
8. Which of the following represents a method of primary prevention?
a. Informational session about healthy lifestyles
b. Blood pressure screening
c. Interventional cardiac catheterization
d. Diagnostic cardiac catheterization
ANS: A
Primary prevention precedes disease or dysfunction. It includes health promotion and specifi
c protection and encourages increased awareness; thus, education about healthy lifestyles fi ts
this definition. Blood pressure screening does not prevent disease, but instead identifies i t.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application)
REF: Levels of Prevention OBJ: 5 TOP: Planning
MSC: Health Promotion and Maintenance
9. Which of the following represents a method of secondary prevention?
a. Education about breast self-examination
b. Yearly mammograms
Flude and Tyerman: Edelman and Kudzma’s Canadian Health Promotion Throughout the
Life Span, 1st Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. How is disease defined?
a. The failure of a person’s adaptive mechanisms to counteract stimuli and stress
es adequately, resulting in functional or structural disturbances
b. Disease and illness are components of a struggle for balance in the bodily systems
c. The failure of a person’s bodily systems in responding to stresses, resulting in a hormo
nal imbalance
d. The assault by stimuli and stress on the body’s core defence systems
ANS: A
Disease may be defined as the failure of a person’s adaptive mechanisms to counteract stim
uli and stresses adequately, resulting in functional or structural disturbances. This definition
is an ecological concept of disease, which uses multiple factors to determine the cause of
disease, rather than describing a single cause. Disease and illness are not synonymous.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember (Knowledge) REF: Disease, Illness, and Health OBJ: 1 TOP: Asses
sment MSC: Health Promotion and Maintenance
2. How can health be defined?
a. As the absence of disease and illness
b. As the person’s philosophy for living in harmony with their environment
c. A state of physical, mental, and spiritual well-being
d. A state of physical, mental, spiritual, and social functioning that realizes a person
’s potential and is experienced within a developmental context.
ANS: D
Definitions of health have evolved as the nature of health and illness becomes better under
stood. Health is much more than the absence of disease and illness. It is a state of physical
, mental, spiritual, and social functioning that realizes a person’s potential and is experience
d within a developmental context.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) REF: Health and Wellness OBJ: 1 TOP: Assessment
MSC: Health Promotion and Maintenance
3. The 1986 Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion document provides a blueprint for health
promotion in Canada. Which of the following statements is correct concerning this model?
a. The focus is on environment and the ability to achieve health on a personal and societal
level.
b. It depicts health promotion as the process of enabling people to increase control ov
er and improve their health.
c. It provides a view of health promotion that is focused on people taking control
of their own health.
d. It is most closely aligned with a clinical model of health.
, ANS: B
The Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion provides a blueprint for health promotion in Can
ada. Within this model, health promotion is depicted as the process of enabling people to inc
rease control over and improve their health.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) REF: Health Promotion OBJ: 2 TOP: Assessme
nt MSC: Health Promotion and Maintenance
4. Which of the following is a tool used to measure quality of life?
a. CDCQOL-BREF (from the Centers for Disease Control)
b. McGowan Quality of Life Questionnaire
c. WHOQOL-BREF (World Health Organization)
d. Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion
ANS: C
Multiple tools are available for measuring quality of life, including a general measure estab
lished by the World Health Organization Quality of Life, WHOQOL-
BREF and the McGill Quality of Life Questionnaire for use at the end of life. The Ottawa
Charter for Health Promotion provides a framework for health promotion, rather than meas
uring quality of life.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand (Comprehension) REF: Health Promotion OBJ: 2 TOP:
Assessment MSC: Health Promotion and Maintenance
5. Which of the following best describes a care recipient who has an illness?
a. Someone who has well-controlled diabetes
b. Someone with hypercholesterolemia
c. Someone with a headache
d. Someone with coronary artery disease without angina
ANS: C
Someone with a headache represents a person with an illness. An illness is made up of the
subjective experience of the individual and the physical manifestation of disease. It can be
g
described as a response characterized by a mismatch between a person’s needs and the res
ources available to meet those needs. A person can have a disease without feeling ill. The ot
her choices represent disease.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Analyze (Analysis) REF: Disease, Illness, and Health OBJ: 4 TOP:
Assessment MSC: Health Promotion and Maintenance
6. Which Canadian report is considered to be a landmark document in creating a glob
al approach to health?
a. Population Health Promotion Model
b. Healthy People 2020
c. Framework for Health Promotion in Canada
d. World Health Organization Quality of Life
ANS: C
By the mid-1980s, Canada became a world leader in the formulation of health-
promotion ideals and strategies, particularly with the unveiling of the Framework for Healt
h Promotion in Canada at the first World Health Organization (WHO) conference on healt
h promotion in Ottawa. The overall goal of ―achieving health for all‖ in this report identifi es
three health
, challenges: reducing inequities, increasing prevention, and enhancing coping. The three
health-promotion mechanisms to address these challenges are self-
care, mutual aid, and healthy environments. The final component of the framework co
nsists of three implementation strategies: fostering public participation, strengthening co
mmunity health services; and coordinating health public policy.
Healthy People 2020 is a US-
based document to guide planning for health care. The WHO Quality of Life tool is a qualit
y of life measurement tool used by health care workers. The
Population Health Promotion Model was developed to provide an overall framework to guide he
alth promotion by blending both health promotion and population health concepts.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember (Knowledge)
REF: The Evolution of Health Promotion in Canada OBJ: 3 TOP: Planning
MSC: Health Promotion and Maintenance
7. Which of the following is one of the three programs that the Public Health Agency of Cana
da (PHAC) is focused on for improving the health of Canadians?
a. Decreased tobacco use in youth throughout the country
b. Health promotion and disease prevention
c. Increased public funding for health insurance
d. Decreased hospital re-admission rates
ANS: B
The aim of the Public Health Agency of Canada (PHAC) is to promote and protect the healt
h of Canadians through leadership, partnership, innovation, and action in public health. Amo
ng the agency’s recent plans are three programs: public health infrastructure; health promot ion
and disease prevention; and health security. Choices A, C, and D are possible strategies to
achieve the goals of this program.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember (Knowledge)
REF: The Role of the Public Health Agency of Canada in Health Promotion, Prevention,
and Protection OBJ: 3 TOP: Planning
MSC: Health Promotion and Maintenance
8. Which of the following represents a method of primary prevention?
a. Informational session about healthy lifestyles
b. Blood pressure screening
c. Interventional cardiac catheterization
d. Diagnostic cardiac catheterization
ANS: A
Primary prevention precedes disease or dysfunction. It includes health promotion and specifi
c protection and encourages increased awareness; thus, education about healthy lifestyles fi ts
this definition. Blood pressure screening does not prevent disease, but instead identifies i t.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application)
REF: Levels of Prevention OBJ: 5 TOP: Planning
MSC: Health Promotion and Maintenance
9. Which of the following represents a method of secondary prevention?
a. Education about breast self-examination
b. Yearly mammograms
