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Samenvatting MKA - Willaert - KUL

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Gedeeltelijke samenvatting van het deel MKA (> zintuigen 2) gegeven door professor Willaert. Opgemaakt in 2025, Veel studieplezier :) Omvat les 1 tem les 6

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November 5, 2025
Number of pages
68
Written in
2024/2025
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INHOUDSOPGAVE

Les 1: inleiding ................................................................................................................................................ 3

Introductie ........................................................................................................................................................... 3
Anatomie ............................................................................................................................................................. 3
KO ........................................................................................................................................................................ 6
Gelaat .................................................................................................................................................................. 8

Les 2: hoofd- en hals traumatologie .............................................................................................................. 11
Algemene aandachtspunten.............................................................................................................................. 11

Tandtraumatologie............................................................................................................................................ 13
Onderkaak ......................................................................................................................................................... 15

Bovenkaak ......................................................................................................................................................... 17
Zygoma .............................................................................................................................................................. 18
Orbita ................................................................................................................................................................ 20
Naso-ethmoidaal ............................................................................................................................................... 21

Weke delen ........................................................................................................................................................ 21
Besluit ................................................................................................................................................................ 22

Les 3: orofaciale infecties (!) ......................................................................................................................... 22
Definities............................................................................................................................................................ 22
Orale infecties.................................................................................................................................................... 23
Caries ............................................................................................................................................................. 23
Pulpanecrose ................................................................................................................................................. 23
Parodontitis ................................................................................................................................................... 27
M3 - wijsheidstand ........................................................................................................................................ 27
Regionale infecties ............................................................................................................................................ 27
Pterygomandibulair abces ............................................................................................................................. 28
Latero-pharyngeaal abces ............................................................................................................................. 28
Submandibulair abces ................................................................................................................................... 28
Angina van Ludwig......................................................................................................................................... 29
Systemische infecties ......................................................................................................................................... 29
Algemene verwikkelingen – uitbreidingen .................................................................................................... 30
Focale infectie ............................................................................................................................................... 31
Besluit ................................................................................................................................................................ 32

Les 4: speekselklieraandoeningen ................................................................................................................. 33
Anatomie ........................................................................................................................................................... 33
Anamnese en KO ............................................................................................................................................... 34
Technische onderzoeken.................................................................................................................................... 36



1

, Ziektebeelden .................................................................................................................................................... 37
Cysten vd speekselklieren ............................................................................................................................. 37
Sialoadenose ................................................................................................................................................. 38
Sialoadenitis .................................................................................................................................................. 38
Sialolithiasis ................................................................................................................................................... 40
Xerostomie .................................................................................................................................................... 41
Sialorhoea...................................................................................................................................................... 41
Syndroom van Sjögren .................................................................................................................................. 42
Speekselkliertumoren.................................................................................................................................... 42
Sequelae van chirurgie ...................................................................................................................................... 44

Les 5: concepten orthognatische heelkunde.................................................................................................. 45
Basisbegrippen .................................................................................................................................................. 45
OSAS .................................................................................................................................................................. 49

Les 6: letsels vd mondmucosa ....................................................................................................................... 51
Ulceraties vd mondmucosa ............................................................................................................................... 51
Anamnese – KO - TO ...................................................................................................................................... 51
Vaak voorkomende ziektebeelden ................................................................................................................ 53

Witte letsels vd mondmucosa ........................................................................................................................... 59
Leukoplakie ................................................................................................................................................... 60
Lichen planus ................................................................................................................................................. 63
Candidiasis ..................................................................................................................................................... 66
Besluit ............................................................................................................................................................ 68




2

,LES 1: INLEIDING

INTRODUCTIE

Zaken waar MKA zich mee bezig houdt:
- Algemeen: trauma, preprothetische ingrepen, tandimplantaten, ingesloten tandelementen, hoofd- en
halsinfecties, goedaardige tumoren en cystes
- Mondkankers à reconstructie aangezicht
- Aangeboren faciale afwijkingen
- Orthognatische heelkunde
- Vasculaire malformaties

Beeldvorming:
- RX-OPG = basis en essentieel onderzoek binnen MKA (stralingsdosis: ± 15 microSv à komt overeen
met 2-3 dagen natuurlijke achtergrondstraling)
- RX-CBCT = cone beam CT à ook een belangrijk en essentieel onderzoek binnen MKA (lage
stralingsdosis: 100 tot 500 à 700 microSv, minder weke delen zichtbaar)

Anesthesie ingrepen:
- 2 uur is ± de grens tss LA en algemene anesthesie à > 2u durende ingrepen liefst algemene
anesthesie want is comfortabeler vr de pt
- LA: xylocaïne, mepivacaïne, articaïne
- Anxiolyse – IV sedatie à bij jongere pt die wat zenuwachtig zijn en LA wat stressvoller: tssoplossing
waarbij pt nog bij bewustzijn is, maar wel gerelaxeerd (vereist monitoren BD, O2 saturatie,
capnografie, nuchtere pt)

Ingrepen id MKA-regio vergen vaak een heel goede voorbereiding: virtuele planning met oa medisch ingenieurs




ANATOMIE

Schedel:
- Viscerocranium à meestal vr MKA
- Neurocranium à meestal vr neurochirurgie
Maar zeker overlap...

Mandibula: enige bot dat los in het cranio-faciale complex
is à ophanging via twee condyli aan het os temporale

Functie: ondersteunend + beschermend
- Pijlers die heel veel krachten knn dragen
- Tss pijlers: dun bot àdoel: bij trauma kracht opvangen (waardoor vaak fractuur), om de diepere
structuren te beschermen


Faciale architectuur: gepneumatiseerde structuur à sinussen (bij kids zijn niet alle sinussen al aanwezig,
Tandbogen (!) andere fractuurlijnen dan bij volw)
waardoor vaak


3

, Kwadranten

Volwassenen 1e kwadrant = R boven
2e kwadrant = L boven
3e kwadrant = L onder
4e kwadrant = R onder

Gebit volw: 32 tanden à per kwadrant:
- 2 snijtanden (incisivi)
- 1 hoektand (canini)
- 2 premolaren
- 3 molaren



Kids 5e kwadrant = R boven
6e kwadrant = L boven
7e kwadrant = L onder
8e kwadrant = R onder

Gebit kids: 20 tanden à per kwadrant:
- 2 snijtanden (incisivi)
- 1 hoektand (canini)
- 2 molaren



Centrum id mond = middellijn vanvoor
- ‘distaal’ indien het vd middellijn weg ligt
- ‘mesiaal’ indien het naar de middellijn toe ligt




Vestibulair = ad wangzijde, dus ad buitenkant vd Buccaal = tegenover wang
Elke tand heeft 2 nummers:
tandbogen
Linguaal = nr tong toe
Palataal = aan de binnenkant vd tandbogen
Labiaal = opp tegenover lip
4

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