NMNC 3210 - EXAM 2 Questions AND Correct Answers
0.9% sodium chloride - ✔✔(increases fluid volume
extracellular spaces. Treats fluid volume deficits from
hemorrhage, severe vomiting, diarrhea, heavy drainage
from GI suction, fistulas or wounds. Shock,
hyponatremia, metabolic acidosis, and hypercalcemia is
treated with NS. Caution: cardiac or renal disease due
to fluid volume overload).
5% dextrose in water - ✔✔(categorized as both an
isotonic and hypotonic solution. The amount of
dextrose in the solution makes its initial tonicity similar
to that of intravascular fluid, making it an isotonic
solution. Used for resuscitation, postoperative periods,
and increased ICP).
Allergic Reaction - ✔✔IGE antibody
Intermediate time response
Mast cell (releases histamine)
Seasonal allergic rhinitis, anaphylaxis, hives, bee sting,
latex allergy, skin testing.
,Reaction within minutes to hours.
Anaphylaxis: causes - ✔✔reaction from food, venom, or
medications
Anaphylaxis: definition - ✔✔Extreme, exaggerated
allergic response to foods, medications, stinging insects,
and exercise. Anaphylaxis may involve a few or multiple
body organs and systems.
Anaphylaxis: symptoms - ✔✔Smooth muscle
contractions, increased vascular permeability,
vasodilation, hypotension, increased secretion of
mucus, and itching.
Anaphylaxis: teaching/interventions - ✔✔Stop the
offending allergen (drug infusion), airway management,
high-flow oxygen, monitoring, IV access, fluid
resuscitation, supine position, epinephrine,
antihistamine, H2 receptor antagonist, bronchodilators,
corticosteroids, and vasopressors.
,Artificial active immunity - ✔✔immunization with
antigen, not immediate response, provides rapid
response upon re-exposure, lifetime or long-term.
Artificial passive immunity - ✔✔gamma globulin
transfusion, injection of serum antibodies from
someone else (IV), immediate effect but short lived.
AV fistulas (assessment of), care and nursing
interventions. - ✔✔Arteriovenous fistula - created in
the forearm or upper arm with an anastomosis between
an artery and a vein. It allows blood to flow through the
vein. The arterial blood flow is essential to provide the
rapid blood flow needed for HD. AFV should be placed 3
months before starting HD.
NEVER perform BP measurements, IV line insertions, or
venipuncture in an extremity with AV access.
Prevent infection and clotting
Place medic band on patient's arm with AFV.
Watch for central venous stenosis (CVS) or occlusions.
, Assess for distal ischemia and pain due to arterial blood
being shunted or stolen from distal extremities.
(numbness, tingling of fingers, poor capillary refill, and
aneurysms if left untreated).
Calcium (serum) - ✔✔Normal: 8.2-10.6 mg/dL; critical
<7 mg/dL and > 12 mg/dL
CALCIUM INFO - ✔✔Extracellular cation. Most
abundant in body and necessary for vital functions.
Coagulation, neuromuscular conduction, control of
skeletal and cardiac muscle contractility.
Source: stored in teeth and bones.
Hypocalcemia: alcoholism, inadequate intake or
decreased vitamin D, lack of weight bearing exercise,
loop diuretics, hypomagnesemia, blood transfusions -
seizures, tetany, paresthesia's, muscle spasms,
dysrhythmias, low cardiac output, and low BP,
chvostek's and trousseaus signs. Treat with oral or IV
calcium (central line).
Hypercalcemia: Metabolic emergency (primary
hyperparathyroidism and hyperthyroidism), prolonged
0.9% sodium chloride - ✔✔(increases fluid volume
extracellular spaces. Treats fluid volume deficits from
hemorrhage, severe vomiting, diarrhea, heavy drainage
from GI suction, fistulas or wounds. Shock,
hyponatremia, metabolic acidosis, and hypercalcemia is
treated with NS. Caution: cardiac or renal disease due
to fluid volume overload).
5% dextrose in water - ✔✔(categorized as both an
isotonic and hypotonic solution. The amount of
dextrose in the solution makes its initial tonicity similar
to that of intravascular fluid, making it an isotonic
solution. Used for resuscitation, postoperative periods,
and increased ICP).
Allergic Reaction - ✔✔IGE antibody
Intermediate time response
Mast cell (releases histamine)
Seasonal allergic rhinitis, anaphylaxis, hives, bee sting,
latex allergy, skin testing.
,Reaction within minutes to hours.
Anaphylaxis: causes - ✔✔reaction from food, venom, or
medications
Anaphylaxis: definition - ✔✔Extreme, exaggerated
allergic response to foods, medications, stinging insects,
and exercise. Anaphylaxis may involve a few or multiple
body organs and systems.
Anaphylaxis: symptoms - ✔✔Smooth muscle
contractions, increased vascular permeability,
vasodilation, hypotension, increased secretion of
mucus, and itching.
Anaphylaxis: teaching/interventions - ✔✔Stop the
offending allergen (drug infusion), airway management,
high-flow oxygen, monitoring, IV access, fluid
resuscitation, supine position, epinephrine,
antihistamine, H2 receptor antagonist, bronchodilators,
corticosteroids, and vasopressors.
,Artificial active immunity - ✔✔immunization with
antigen, not immediate response, provides rapid
response upon re-exposure, lifetime or long-term.
Artificial passive immunity - ✔✔gamma globulin
transfusion, injection of serum antibodies from
someone else (IV), immediate effect but short lived.
AV fistulas (assessment of), care and nursing
interventions. - ✔✔Arteriovenous fistula - created in
the forearm or upper arm with an anastomosis between
an artery and a vein. It allows blood to flow through the
vein. The arterial blood flow is essential to provide the
rapid blood flow needed for HD. AFV should be placed 3
months before starting HD.
NEVER perform BP measurements, IV line insertions, or
venipuncture in an extremity with AV access.
Prevent infection and clotting
Place medic band on patient's arm with AFV.
Watch for central venous stenosis (CVS) or occlusions.
, Assess for distal ischemia and pain due to arterial blood
being shunted or stolen from distal extremities.
(numbness, tingling of fingers, poor capillary refill, and
aneurysms if left untreated).
Calcium (serum) - ✔✔Normal: 8.2-10.6 mg/dL; critical
<7 mg/dL and > 12 mg/dL
CALCIUM INFO - ✔✔Extracellular cation. Most
abundant in body and necessary for vital functions.
Coagulation, neuromuscular conduction, control of
skeletal and cardiac muscle contractility.
Source: stored in teeth and bones.
Hypocalcemia: alcoholism, inadequate intake or
decreased vitamin D, lack of weight bearing exercise,
loop diuretics, hypomagnesemia, blood transfusions -
seizures, tetany, paresthesia's, muscle spasms,
dysrhythmias, low cardiac output, and low BP,
chvostek's and trousseaus signs. Treat with oral or IV
calcium (central line).
Hypercalcemia: Metabolic emergency (primary
hyperparathyroidism and hyperthyroidism), prolonged
