NR565 ADVANCED PHARMACOLOGGY
FUNDAMENTALS EXAM / MOST RECENT EXAM
VERSION WITH WELL-DETAILED QUESTIONS AND
VERIFIED ANSWERS / GET IT 100% CORRECT
ANSWERS FROM VERIFIED RESOUCES / ALREADY
GRADED A+
Pharmacokinetics
-The process by which drugs are absorbed, distributed within the
body, metabolized, and excreted.
Pharmacodynamics
-The study of what the drug does to the body
Factors Affecting Drug Absorption
-Rate of dissolution
-Surface area
-Blood flow
-Lipid solubility
-pH partitioning
Factors Affecting Drug Distribution
-Blood flow to tissues
-Ability to exit the vascular system
-Blood-brain barrier
-Protein-binding capacity
Xenobiotics
substances that are foreign to the body, usually synthetic chemical
compounds; medications are a common example
Cytochrome P450 (CYP450)
xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes necessary for the production of
cholesterol and steroids and the detoxification of chemicals and
drug metabolism.
Function of Cytochrome P450 (CYP450)
responsible for phase 1 metabolism in which drugs are oxidized,
reduced, or hydrolyzed
,Phase 1 Metabolism of Drugs via P450
-Oxidation;
-Reduction;
-Hydrolysis
Three possible outcomes of phase 1 drug metabolism.
-Drug becomes completely inactive
-Drug becomes partially inactive but one or more metabolites
remain active
-Original drug is not pharmacologically active but one metabolite
remains active
CYP450 Inducers
Medications that can increase the rate of another drug's
metabolism by elevating CYP450 enzyme activity via increasing
enzyme synthesis. decreasing the concentration of the "parent
drug"
CYP450 Inducer Medications
-CRAPGPS
-Carbamazepine
-Rifampin
-Alcohol
-Phenytoin
-Griseofulvin
-Phenobarbital
-Sulfonylureas
CYP450 Inhibitors
Medications that inhibit the metabolic activity of one or more of the
CYP450 enzymes. Higher risk for toxicity; prolongs the
pharmacological effect of the "parent drug".
CYP450 Inhibitor Medications
-VISACKGQ
-Valproate
-Isoniazid
-Sulfonamides
-Amiodarone
-Chloramphenicol
-Ketoconazole
,-Grapefruit Juice
-Quinidine
Beers Criteria
-potentially Inappropriate Medication (PIM) use in older adults
-potentially Inappropriate Medication (PIM) use in older adults due
to medication-disease or medication-syndrome interactions that
may exacerbate the disease or syndrome
-medications to be used cautiously in older adults
-clinically significant drug interactions that should be avoided in
older adults
-medications to be avoided or dosage decreased in the presence of
impaired kidney function in older adults
Pharmacokinetic Interactions
when one medication systemically alters the potency of another
medication.
Absorption Interaction
result of a change due to one medication's effect on another
medication's route of entry into the body.
Distribution Interaction
caused by the amount of unbound/free medications available at the
various target sites.
Metabolism Interaction
concentration of the medication after biotransformation into active
and inactive metabolites in higher or lower than expected.
Elimination Interaction
the body's ability to eliminate medications in pure form or by
altering a metabolite from the body.
Pharmacodynamic Interactions
does not alter or impact absorption, distribution, metabolism, or
elimination because of the one medication's ability to manipulate
the effect of another medication at its site of action
Practice Authority
refers to the nurse practitioner's ability to practice without
physician oversight
, prescriptive authority
refers to the nurse practitioner's authority to prescribe
medications.
Full-practice scope
Nurse practitioners have the autonomy to evaluate patients,
diagnose, order and interpret tests, initiate and manage treatments
and prescribe medications, including controlled substances
without physician oversight.
Reduced-practice scope
Nurse practitioners are limited in at least one element of practice.
The state requires a formal collaborative agreement with an outside
health discipline for the nurse practitioner to provide patient care.
Restricted practice scope
Nurse practitioners are limited in at least one element of practice
by requiring supervision, delegation, or team management by an
outside health discipline for the nurse practitioner to provide
patient care.
Drugs that cannot be ordered via E-Script
DEA Scheduled Drugs
Drugs that cannot be prescribed or refilled via phone
Schedule II drugs
Acute Pain
An occurrence of fewer than three months and is often precipitated
by trauma and acute medical conditions or treatment.
Types of Acute Pain
-Referred Pain
-Acute Somatic Pain
-Acute visceral pain
Chronic pain
episode of pain that lasts for 6 months or longer; may be
intermittent or continuous
Referred Pain
pain that is felt in a location other than where the pain originates
FUNDAMENTALS EXAM / MOST RECENT EXAM
VERSION WITH WELL-DETAILED QUESTIONS AND
VERIFIED ANSWERS / GET IT 100% CORRECT
ANSWERS FROM VERIFIED RESOUCES / ALREADY
GRADED A+
Pharmacokinetics
-The process by which drugs are absorbed, distributed within the
body, metabolized, and excreted.
Pharmacodynamics
-The study of what the drug does to the body
Factors Affecting Drug Absorption
-Rate of dissolution
-Surface area
-Blood flow
-Lipid solubility
-pH partitioning
Factors Affecting Drug Distribution
-Blood flow to tissues
-Ability to exit the vascular system
-Blood-brain barrier
-Protein-binding capacity
Xenobiotics
substances that are foreign to the body, usually synthetic chemical
compounds; medications are a common example
Cytochrome P450 (CYP450)
xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes necessary for the production of
cholesterol and steroids and the detoxification of chemicals and
drug metabolism.
Function of Cytochrome P450 (CYP450)
responsible for phase 1 metabolism in which drugs are oxidized,
reduced, or hydrolyzed
,Phase 1 Metabolism of Drugs via P450
-Oxidation;
-Reduction;
-Hydrolysis
Three possible outcomes of phase 1 drug metabolism.
-Drug becomes completely inactive
-Drug becomes partially inactive but one or more metabolites
remain active
-Original drug is not pharmacologically active but one metabolite
remains active
CYP450 Inducers
Medications that can increase the rate of another drug's
metabolism by elevating CYP450 enzyme activity via increasing
enzyme synthesis. decreasing the concentration of the "parent
drug"
CYP450 Inducer Medications
-CRAPGPS
-Carbamazepine
-Rifampin
-Alcohol
-Phenytoin
-Griseofulvin
-Phenobarbital
-Sulfonylureas
CYP450 Inhibitors
Medications that inhibit the metabolic activity of one or more of the
CYP450 enzymes. Higher risk for toxicity; prolongs the
pharmacological effect of the "parent drug".
CYP450 Inhibitor Medications
-VISACKGQ
-Valproate
-Isoniazid
-Sulfonamides
-Amiodarone
-Chloramphenicol
-Ketoconazole
,-Grapefruit Juice
-Quinidine
Beers Criteria
-potentially Inappropriate Medication (PIM) use in older adults
-potentially Inappropriate Medication (PIM) use in older adults due
to medication-disease or medication-syndrome interactions that
may exacerbate the disease or syndrome
-medications to be used cautiously in older adults
-clinically significant drug interactions that should be avoided in
older adults
-medications to be avoided or dosage decreased in the presence of
impaired kidney function in older adults
Pharmacokinetic Interactions
when one medication systemically alters the potency of another
medication.
Absorption Interaction
result of a change due to one medication's effect on another
medication's route of entry into the body.
Distribution Interaction
caused by the amount of unbound/free medications available at the
various target sites.
Metabolism Interaction
concentration of the medication after biotransformation into active
and inactive metabolites in higher or lower than expected.
Elimination Interaction
the body's ability to eliminate medications in pure form or by
altering a metabolite from the body.
Pharmacodynamic Interactions
does not alter or impact absorption, distribution, metabolism, or
elimination because of the one medication's ability to manipulate
the effect of another medication at its site of action
Practice Authority
refers to the nurse practitioner's ability to practice without
physician oversight
, prescriptive authority
refers to the nurse practitioner's authority to prescribe
medications.
Full-practice scope
Nurse practitioners have the autonomy to evaluate patients,
diagnose, order and interpret tests, initiate and manage treatments
and prescribe medications, including controlled substances
without physician oversight.
Reduced-practice scope
Nurse practitioners are limited in at least one element of practice.
The state requires a formal collaborative agreement with an outside
health discipline for the nurse practitioner to provide patient care.
Restricted practice scope
Nurse practitioners are limited in at least one element of practice
by requiring supervision, delegation, or team management by an
outside health discipline for the nurse practitioner to provide
patient care.
Drugs that cannot be ordered via E-Script
DEA Scheduled Drugs
Drugs that cannot be prescribed or refilled via phone
Schedule II drugs
Acute Pain
An occurrence of fewer than three months and is often precipitated
by trauma and acute medical conditions or treatment.
Types of Acute Pain
-Referred Pain
-Acute Somatic Pain
-Acute visceral pain
Chronic pain
episode of pain that lasts for 6 months or longer; may be
intermittent or continuous
Referred Pain
pain that is felt in a location other than where the pain originates
