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Genetics Essentials: Concepts and Connections (5th Edition, Pierce, 2022) – Complete Test Bank for Chapters 1–18

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This document contains the complete test bank for Genetics Essentials: Concepts and Connections (5th Edition) by Benjamin A. Pierce, published in 2022. It covers chapters 1 through 18 and includes multiple-choice questions with answer keys, true/false items, and conceptual questions. The material aligns closely with typical genetics courses and is ideal for exam preparation or instructor use in assessments. Chapter 01: Introduction to Genetics 1. Albinism is rare in most human populations, occurring at a frequency of about 1 in 20,000 people. However, the trait occurs at a frequency of 1 in 200 in certain Hopi villages of Black Mesa in Arizona. Explain in terms of natural selection why albinism is so rare in most human populations. ANSWER: In most populations, there is fairly strong selection against albinism because albinos don’t produce melanin, causing their skin cells not to be protected from the damaging effects of sunlight. Also, the lack of melanin in their eyes causes them to have poor eyesight. Finally, in most cultures albinos are seen as abnormal, and they are not normally sought out for marriage and mating. Therefore, in most populations the alleles that cause albinism are selected against, and they decrease in frequency or are kept at a low level, causing the recessive trait to be rare. 2. Albinism is rare in most human populations, occurring at a frequency of about 1 in 20,000 people. However, the trait occurs at a frequency of 1 in 200 in certain Hopi villages of Black Mesa in Arizona. Explain in terms of natural selection why the trait is so much more common among the Hopis of Black Mesa. ANSWER: Albinos occupy a privileged position among the Hopis of Black Mesa. In this culture, albinos are viewed as especially pretty, clean, and intelligent, and they often occupy positions of leadership. Albinos are celebrated in the villages as a sign of purity of Hopi blood in the community. Furthermore, albinos are often excused from normal male field labor because of their sensitivity to sunlight, causing them to be left behind in the village with the women during the daytime. This allows them extra mating opportunities compared to the other men of the village. Therefore, the alleles that cause albinism are either selected for in this culture or at least not selected against as strongly as in other cultures, allowing the trait to occur at a much higher frequency. 3. Which one of the following pairings between the subdiscipline of genetics and the phenomenon is INCORRECT? a. evolution—population genetics b. gene regulation—molecular genetics c. allelic frequency alteration—population genetics d. arrangement of genes on chromosome—transmission genetics e. chemical nature of the gene—transmission genetics ANSWER: e 4. Which one of the following topics of research belongs to the discipline of transmission genetics? a. inheritance pattern of gene alleles b. mechanism of DNA replication c. gene expression patterns d. evolution e. chemical modification of nucleic acids ANSWER: a 5. The complete genetic makeup of an organism is referred to as its a. chromosome. b. alleles. c. locus. d. genome. e. phenotype. ANSWER: d 6. Identify a TRUE statement from the following descriptions concerning genetics. a. The theory of pangenesis states that all living organisms are composed of cells. b. Bacteria and viruses are not useful in studying genes and inheritance because they are structurally and metabolically different from eukaryotic cells. c. Charles Darwin accurately described the laws of inheritance in his landmark book, On the Origin of Species. d. Many human traits, such as skin and hair color, are determined by more than a single gene. e. Evolution can occur without genetic changes in the population. ANSWER: d 7. Identify a FALSE statement from the following descriptions of genetics. a. Humans first applied genetics to the domestication of plants and animals between approximately 10,000 and 12,000 years ago. b. Some viruses use RNA to carry their genetic information. c. Albinism results from a mutation in the genes that control the synthesis and storage of melanin. d. All human traits that display blending inheritance are affected by a single gene. e. The process by which genetic information is copied and decoded is similar for all forms of life. ANSWER: d 8. Which of the following species is considered a model genetic organism? a. the plant Linaria vulgaris b. the deer mouse Peromyscus maniculatus c. the worm Caenorhabditis elegans d. the frog Hyla chrysoscelis e. the chimpanzee Pan troglodytes ANSWER: c 9. Which of the following would serve the LEAST well as a model for understanding basic mechanisms of inheritance? a. fruit flies b. humans c. yeast d. mice e. zebrafish ANSWER: b

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Genetics Essentials: Concepts and Connections (5th Edition, Pierce, 2022) – Complete Test Bank for Chapters 1–18

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