BIO 201 – Final Exam: Human Anatomy & Physiology I (Rio Salado College)
Requirements of Life - (ANSWER)nutrients, oxygen, water, regulated body temp, stable atmospheric
pressure
negative feedback loop - (ANSWER)A feedback loop that causes a system to change in the opposite
direction of initial change (thermostat heating up or cooling down/body shivering to produce heat)
positive feedback loop - (ANSWER)Causes a system to change further in the same direction or continue
(regulation of blood clotting/childbirth)
homeostatic loop - (ANSWER)1. stimulus
2. change detected by receptor
3. input: info sent along afferent pathway to control center
4. output: info sent along efferent pathway to rffector
5. response: feeds back to influence stimulus and returns variable to homeostasis
ways we study anatomy invasive - (ANSWER)dissection and exploratory surgery
ways we study anatomy noninvasive - (ANSWER)x-ray, tomography position, emission tomography,
sonography, MRI
cavities of the body - (ANSWER)dorsal and ventral
dorsal cavity - (ANSWER)cranial and spinal cavity
ventral cavity - (ANSWER)thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic cavities
four main tissue types - (ANSWER)epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous
collagen fibers - (ANSWER)provides flexibility and strength found in connective tissue
, BIO 201 – Final Exam: Human Anatomy & Physiology I (Rio Salado College)
elastic fibers - (ANSWER)Flexible and "stretchy" fibers that add elasticity to tissue found in connective
tissue
reticular fibers - (ANSWER)Fibers made of collagen fibers that are very thin and branched. Forma tightly
woven fabric that joins connective tissue to adjacent tissues.
skeletal tissue - (ANSWER)long, cylindrical, multinucleate cells with obvious striations
cardiac tissue - (ANSWER)Involuntary, straited and branched muscles, circulates, in heart
smooth muscles tissue - (ANSWER)spindle shaped, with central nucleus, no striations
thick filaments - (ANSWER)composed of myosin, has a rod-like tail and two globular heads
thin filaments - (ANSWER)composed of actin, two strands of "pearls" (actin) twisted togethers
resting membrane potential - (ANSWER)the inside of the cell is negative relative to the outside
phases of muscle twitch - (ANSWER)latent period, period of contraction, period of relaxation
latent period - (ANSWER)first few milliseconds after stimulation when excitation-contraction coupling is
taking place
period of contraction - (ANSWER)cross bridge formation; tension increases and muscle shortens
period of relaxation - (ANSWER)Ca2+ is pumped back into the SR; actin and myosin separate; muscle
lengthens; muscle tension returns to zero
Requirements of Life - (ANSWER)nutrients, oxygen, water, regulated body temp, stable atmospheric
pressure
negative feedback loop - (ANSWER)A feedback loop that causes a system to change in the opposite
direction of initial change (thermostat heating up or cooling down/body shivering to produce heat)
positive feedback loop - (ANSWER)Causes a system to change further in the same direction or continue
(regulation of blood clotting/childbirth)
homeostatic loop - (ANSWER)1. stimulus
2. change detected by receptor
3. input: info sent along afferent pathway to control center
4. output: info sent along efferent pathway to rffector
5. response: feeds back to influence stimulus and returns variable to homeostasis
ways we study anatomy invasive - (ANSWER)dissection and exploratory surgery
ways we study anatomy noninvasive - (ANSWER)x-ray, tomography position, emission tomography,
sonography, MRI
cavities of the body - (ANSWER)dorsal and ventral
dorsal cavity - (ANSWER)cranial and spinal cavity
ventral cavity - (ANSWER)thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic cavities
four main tissue types - (ANSWER)epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous
collagen fibers - (ANSWER)provides flexibility and strength found in connective tissue
, BIO 201 – Final Exam: Human Anatomy & Physiology I (Rio Salado College)
elastic fibers - (ANSWER)Flexible and "stretchy" fibers that add elasticity to tissue found in connective
tissue
reticular fibers - (ANSWER)Fibers made of collagen fibers that are very thin and branched. Forma tightly
woven fabric that joins connective tissue to adjacent tissues.
skeletal tissue - (ANSWER)long, cylindrical, multinucleate cells with obvious striations
cardiac tissue - (ANSWER)Involuntary, straited and branched muscles, circulates, in heart
smooth muscles tissue - (ANSWER)spindle shaped, with central nucleus, no striations
thick filaments - (ANSWER)composed of myosin, has a rod-like tail and two globular heads
thin filaments - (ANSWER)composed of actin, two strands of "pearls" (actin) twisted togethers
resting membrane potential - (ANSWER)the inside of the cell is negative relative to the outside
phases of muscle twitch - (ANSWER)latent period, period of contraction, period of relaxation
latent period - (ANSWER)first few milliseconds after stimulation when excitation-contraction coupling is
taking place
period of contraction - (ANSWER)cross bridge formation; tension increases and muscle shortens
period of relaxation - (ANSWER)Ca2+ is pumped back into the SR; actin and myosin separate; muscle
lengthens; muscle tension returns to zero
