Internal Medicine Questions and Answers Graded A

Top two causes CRF - ANSWER-1. HTN 2. DM Prominent A Wave - ANSWER-Tricuspid Insufficiency Canon A Wave - ANSWER-Heart Block Soft P2 - ANSWER-Pulmonary Stenosis 2 Causes Webbed Neck - ANSWER-1. Turner's (coarctation) 2. Noonan's (pulm stenosis) Signs Constrictive Pericarditis - ANSWER-1. X and Y descent 2. Square Root Sign 3. Calcification Beck's Triad for Cardiac Tamponade - ANSWER-1. Distant Heart Sounds 2. Hypotension 3. JVD MCC HTN young people - ANSWER-women: OCPs men: alcohol Most important cause of chronic glomerulonephritis - ANSWER-DM MC kidney stones - ANSWER-1. Calcium oxolate 80% increased urine pH radiopaque 2. Uric Acid 5% Decreased urine pH Radiolucent 3. Struvite 15% Mg ammonium phosphate Proteus radiopaque HyperCalcemia Causes - ANSWER-VITAMIN TRAPS -Vitamin A and D intox -Immobilization Thyrotoxicosis -Addison's/Acidosis -Milk Alkali -Inflammatory disorders -Neoplastic disease Thiazides -Rhabdo -Aids -Paget's/Parenteral Nutrition/ParaTH dz -Sarcoid HyperCalcemia Sx's - ANSWER-Bones, Stones, Groans, Moans RTA with abnormal H+ secretion and kidney stones - ANSWER-Type I (distal) RTA RTA with abnormal HCO3- and rickets - ANSWER-Type II (proximal) RTA RTA with aldosterone defect - ANSWER-Type IV (distal) RTA Hypervolemic Hyponatremia - ANSWER-1. Cirrhosis 2. CHF 3. nephritic syndrome Hyperkalemia EKG - ANSWER-Peaked T waves and widened QRS Hypokalemia EKG - ANSWER-T waves flatten; U waves ARF with FeNa <1% - ANSWER-PreRenal Nephritic Syndrome - ANSWER-1. Hematuria 2. HTN 3. Oliguria MC nephritic Syndrome - ANSWER-Membranous Glomerulonephritis MC form glomerulonephritis - ANSWER-IgA nephropathy (Berger's) Glomerulonephritis with deafness - ANSWER-Alport's Glomerulonephritis with hemoptysis - ANSWER-Wegener's or Goodpasture's salicylate ingestion - ANSWER-anion gap acidosis and primary resp alkalosis due to central resp