CRITICAL THINKING - REASON AND
EVIDENCE D265 KEY TERMS
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS 100%
CORRECT !!!
Critical Thinking -ANSWER✔✔Primarily the ability to think carefully about
thinking and reasoning - to criticize your own reasoning.
Propositions -ANSWER✔✔Statements that can be true or false.
Non- Propositions -ANSWER✔✔Statements that do not make a claim that can be
true or false. Examples: (Command, Plead Request, Question, Perform, Exort)
Simple Propositions -ANSWER✔✔Have no internal logic structure, meaning
whether they are true or false does not depend on whether a part of them is true or
false. They are simply true or false on their own. (Example: Harry Potter wears
glasses. The sky is blue.)
Complex propositions -ANSWER✔✔Have internal logic structure, meaning they
are composed of simple propositions. Whether they are true or false depends on
whether their parts are true or false. (Example: The sky is blue, but it does not look
blue to me right now. The cat ate the food, but he did not like it. The GDP of
Canada is either $3 trillion or $12 trillion.)
Premise -ANSWER✔✔A proposition lending support to the conclusion. Premises
are supposed to be statements that, if you accept they are true, give you reason to
believe that the conclusion is also true.
, Conclusion Indicators -ANSWER✔✔thus, therefore, hence, consequently, as a
result, so, accordingly, clearly, must be that, shows that, conclude that, follows
that, for this reason.
Premise Indicators -ANSWER✔✔because, since, for, for example, for the reason
that, in that, given that, as indicated by, due to, owing to, this can be seen from, we
know this by
Heuristic -ANSWER✔✔a simple thinking strategy that often allows us to make
judgments and solve problems efficiently; usually speedier but also more error-
prone than algorithms (Machines for jumping to conclusions) (Mental Shortcuts)
The Principle of Charity -ANSWER✔✔suggests we should try to understand ideas
before criticising them.
Anchoring and Adjustment -ANSWER✔✔The natural tendency we have to focus
on the first piece of information available to use on a topic and use this as a frame
of reference to the exclusion of subsequent information.
Begging the Question Fallacy -ANSWER✔✔assuming that an argument has been
proved without actually presenting the evidence
Red Herring -ANSWER✔✔the offender is introducing an irrelevant topic and
discussing that instead of the topic at hand.
Straw Figure -ANSWER✔✔the offender is attacking an irrelevant argument
instead of the opponent (You don't change topics in a straw figure)
EVIDENCE D265 KEY TERMS
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS 100%
CORRECT !!!
Critical Thinking -ANSWER✔✔Primarily the ability to think carefully about
thinking and reasoning - to criticize your own reasoning.
Propositions -ANSWER✔✔Statements that can be true or false.
Non- Propositions -ANSWER✔✔Statements that do not make a claim that can be
true or false. Examples: (Command, Plead Request, Question, Perform, Exort)
Simple Propositions -ANSWER✔✔Have no internal logic structure, meaning
whether they are true or false does not depend on whether a part of them is true or
false. They are simply true or false on their own. (Example: Harry Potter wears
glasses. The sky is blue.)
Complex propositions -ANSWER✔✔Have internal logic structure, meaning they
are composed of simple propositions. Whether they are true or false depends on
whether their parts are true or false. (Example: The sky is blue, but it does not look
blue to me right now. The cat ate the food, but he did not like it. The GDP of
Canada is either $3 trillion or $12 trillion.)
Premise -ANSWER✔✔A proposition lending support to the conclusion. Premises
are supposed to be statements that, if you accept they are true, give you reason to
believe that the conclusion is also true.
, Conclusion Indicators -ANSWER✔✔thus, therefore, hence, consequently, as a
result, so, accordingly, clearly, must be that, shows that, conclude that, follows
that, for this reason.
Premise Indicators -ANSWER✔✔because, since, for, for example, for the reason
that, in that, given that, as indicated by, due to, owing to, this can be seen from, we
know this by
Heuristic -ANSWER✔✔a simple thinking strategy that often allows us to make
judgments and solve problems efficiently; usually speedier but also more error-
prone than algorithms (Machines for jumping to conclusions) (Mental Shortcuts)
The Principle of Charity -ANSWER✔✔suggests we should try to understand ideas
before criticising them.
Anchoring and Adjustment -ANSWER✔✔The natural tendency we have to focus
on the first piece of information available to use on a topic and use this as a frame
of reference to the exclusion of subsequent information.
Begging the Question Fallacy -ANSWER✔✔assuming that an argument has been
proved without actually presenting the evidence
Red Herring -ANSWER✔✔the offender is introducing an irrelevant topic and
discussing that instead of the topic at hand.
Straw Figure -ANSWER✔✔the offender is attacking an irrelevant argument
instead of the opponent (You don't change topics in a straw figure)
