PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FINAL EXAM (2025) QUESTIONS AND
(elaborated) WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
A patient complains of pain, inflammation, pattern of
detmatome? - ✔✔Herpes Zoster (Shingles)
Autonomic Dysreflexia - ✔✔Medical Emergency caused by
simultaneous sympathetic and parasympathetic activity
(bowel or bladder distension pain or a pressure ulcer)
Changes with an asthma attack: - ✔✔Wheezing, SOB,
Bronchoconstriction, Dyspnea, Tachypnea (rapid breathing)
Chron's Disease - ✔✔Hardening of the smooth muscles -
things aren't being absorbed.
Do children have higher or lower thresholds for pain than
adults? - ✔✔Lower
How are eyes damaged in Diabetes? - ✔✔Hypertension causes
hemorrhage in the weak blood vessels
How are hepatitis A,B,C contracted? - ✔✔A: Oral - Fecal
,B: Blood & Bodily Fluids
C: Contaminated Blood Transfusions before 1990; Bodily
Fluids
How do histamine antagonists work to manage peptic ulcer
disease? - ✔✔Acts of H2 receptors - Coats the stomach and
decreases the secretion of stomach acids
How do you determine how to treat a stroke? - ✔✔Determine
if its a Hemorrhagic or Ischemic Stroke
How do you interpret ABG's? - ✔✔1. Look at pH (acidosis - low
or alkalosis - high)
2. Check the CO2 (resp. indicator) - less than 35 (alkalosis)
more than 45 (acidosis)
3. Check the HCO3 (metabolic indicator) - less than 22
(acidosis) more than 26 (alkalosis)
4. Determine primary disorder (matches the pH)
5. Determine if its compensated (pH returns to normal or near
normal)
, How do you manage end stage renal disease? - ✔✔Dialysis,
Fluid Restriction, Low Protein Diet, Decrease Medication
Doses, Anti-hypertensive, Give Ca Supplements, Give
Erythropoietin Shot, Give Iron Supplements/Blood
Transfusion (anemic)
How do you treat compartment syndrome? - ✔✔Make cuts to
relieve the pressure
Metabolic Acidosis: What happens to the pH/HCO3? -
✔✔Depression (decrease) of HCO3 -- Decreased pH (acidosis)
Metabolic Alkalosis: What happens to the pH/HCO3? -
✔✔Elevation (increase) of HCO3 -- Increased pH (alkalosis)
Respiratory Acidosis: What happens to the pH/CO2? -
✔✔Elevation (increase) of pCO2 -- Decreased pH (acidosis)
Respiratory Alkalosis: What happens to the pH/CO2? -
✔✔Depression (decrease) of pCO2 -- Increased pH (alkalosis)
(elaborated) WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
A patient complains of pain, inflammation, pattern of
detmatome? - ✔✔Herpes Zoster (Shingles)
Autonomic Dysreflexia - ✔✔Medical Emergency caused by
simultaneous sympathetic and parasympathetic activity
(bowel or bladder distension pain or a pressure ulcer)
Changes with an asthma attack: - ✔✔Wheezing, SOB,
Bronchoconstriction, Dyspnea, Tachypnea (rapid breathing)
Chron's Disease - ✔✔Hardening of the smooth muscles -
things aren't being absorbed.
Do children have higher or lower thresholds for pain than
adults? - ✔✔Lower
How are eyes damaged in Diabetes? - ✔✔Hypertension causes
hemorrhage in the weak blood vessels
How are hepatitis A,B,C contracted? - ✔✔A: Oral - Fecal
,B: Blood & Bodily Fluids
C: Contaminated Blood Transfusions before 1990; Bodily
Fluids
How do histamine antagonists work to manage peptic ulcer
disease? - ✔✔Acts of H2 receptors - Coats the stomach and
decreases the secretion of stomach acids
How do you determine how to treat a stroke? - ✔✔Determine
if its a Hemorrhagic or Ischemic Stroke
How do you interpret ABG's? - ✔✔1. Look at pH (acidosis - low
or alkalosis - high)
2. Check the CO2 (resp. indicator) - less than 35 (alkalosis)
more than 45 (acidosis)
3. Check the HCO3 (metabolic indicator) - less than 22
(acidosis) more than 26 (alkalosis)
4. Determine primary disorder (matches the pH)
5. Determine if its compensated (pH returns to normal or near
normal)
, How do you manage end stage renal disease? - ✔✔Dialysis,
Fluid Restriction, Low Protein Diet, Decrease Medication
Doses, Anti-hypertensive, Give Ca Supplements, Give
Erythropoietin Shot, Give Iron Supplements/Blood
Transfusion (anemic)
How do you treat compartment syndrome? - ✔✔Make cuts to
relieve the pressure
Metabolic Acidosis: What happens to the pH/HCO3? -
✔✔Depression (decrease) of HCO3 -- Decreased pH (acidosis)
Metabolic Alkalosis: What happens to the pH/HCO3? -
✔✔Elevation (increase) of HCO3 -- Increased pH (alkalosis)
Respiratory Acidosis: What happens to the pH/CO2? -
✔✔Elevation (increase) of pCO2 -- Decreased pH (acidosis)
Respiratory Alkalosis: What happens to the pH/CO2? -
✔✔Depression (decrease) of pCO2 -- Increased pH (alkalosis)
