TEST BANK- Mccance & Huether’s Pathophysiology( 9th Edition 2024)_ALL Chapters (1-49 )INCLUDED|| COMPLETE SOLUTIONS||NEW UPDATE

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 8TH EDITION MCCANCE TEST BANK
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McCance and Huether’s, Pathophysiology:The Biologic Basis f
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or Disease in Adults and Children, 9TH ED(PATHOPHYSIOLOG
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Y 9TH EDITION)x x




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, PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 8TH EDITION MCCANCE TEST BANK x x x x x




Chapter 1: Cellular Biology
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MULTIPLE CHOICE x x
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1. Which statement best describes the cellular function of metabolic absorption?
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a. Cells can produce proteins. c. Cells can take in and use nutrients.
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b. Cells can secrete digestive enzymes. x d. Cells can synthesize fats.
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ANS: C x x


In metabolic absorption, all cells take in and use nutrients and other substances from their surr
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oundings. The remaining options are not inclusive in their descriptions of cellular metabolic a
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bsorption. x
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2. Most of a cell’s genetic information, including RNA and DNA, is contained in the:
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a. Mitochondria c. Nucleolus x x x


b. Ribosome d. Lysosome x x x
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x


ANS: C x x


The nucleus contains the nucleolus, a small dense structure composed largely of RNA, most
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of the cellular DNA, and the DNA-
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binding proteins, such as the histones, which regulate its activity. The other options do not co
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ntain most of a cell’s genetic information.
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3. Which component of the cell produces hydrogen peroxide (HNURSINGTB.COM
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2O2) by using oxygen to remove hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative rea
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ction? x


a. Lysosomes c. Ribosomes x x x


b. Peroxisomes d. Oxyhydrosomes x x x
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ANS: B x x


Peroxisomes are so named because they usually contain enzymes that use oxygen to remove h
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ydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction that produces H2O2, which is
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a powerful oxidant and potentially destructive if it accumulates or escapes from peroxisomes.
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Ribosomes are RNA-
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protein complexes (nucleoproteins) that are synthesized in the nucleolus and secreted into the
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cytoplasm through pores in the nuclear envelope called nuclear pore complexes. Lysosomes
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are saclike structures that originate from the Golgi complex and contain more than 40 digestiv
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e enzymes called hydrolases, which catalyze bonds in proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and carb
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ohydrates. Oxyhydrosomes are involved in enzyme production.
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4. Which cell component is capable of cellular autodigestion when it is released during cell injury
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? x


a. Ribosome c. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum x x x x x


b. Golgi complex d. Lysosomes x x x x
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x


ANS: D x x


The lysosomal membrane acts as a protective shield between the powerful digestive enzymes
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within the lysosome and the cytoplasm, preventing their leakage into the cytoplasmic matrix.
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Disruption of the membrane by various treatments or cellular injury leads to a release of the ly
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sosomal enzymes, which can then react with their specific substrates, causing cellular self-
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digestion. The other options do not correctly describe this process.
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5. What is the sequence of steps in the development of a digestive enzyme by the pancreas cells fr
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om the initial transcription to the release from the cell?
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a. The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus, proceeds to the ribosome fo
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r synthesis, and is transported in a secretory vesicle to the cell membrane.
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b. The enzyme is transcribed from RNA by DNA in the nucleus, proceeds to the lysosome fo
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r synthesis, and is transported in an encapsulated membrane to the cell membrane.
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c. The enzyme is transcribed by the mitochondria in the nucleus, proceeds to the ribosome f
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or synthesis, and is transported in a cytoskeleton to the cell membrane.
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d. The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus, proceeds to the
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Golgi complex for synthesis, and is transported in a cytosol to the cell membrane.
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x

x


ANS: A x x


The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus, proceeds to the ribosome for sy
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nthesis, and is transported in a secretory vesicle to the cell membrane. The other options do no
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t correctly describe this process.
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x
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6. During which phase of the cell cycle is DNA synthesized?
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a. G1 c. G2 x x x


b. S d. M x x x
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x


ANS: B x x


The four designated phases of the cell cycle are: (1) the G1 phase (G = gap), which is the perio
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d between the M phase (M = mitosis) and the start of DNA synthesis; (2) the S phase (S = synt
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hesis), during which DNA is synthesized in the cell nucleus; (3) the G2 phase, during which R
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NA and protein synthesis occurs, the period between the completion of DNA synthesis and th
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e next phase (M); and (4) the M phase, which includes nuclear and cytoplasmic division.
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7. What organic compound facilitates transportation across cell membranes by acting as receptors
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, transport channels for electrolytes, and enzymes to drive active pumps?
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a. Lipids c. Proteins x x x


b. Proteases d. Carbohydrates x x x
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x


ANS: C x x


Proteins act as (1) recognition and binding units (receptors) for substances moving in and out
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of the cell; (2) pores or transport channels for various electrically charged particles called ions
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or electrolytes and specific carriers for amino acids and monosaccharides; and (3) specific en
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zymes that drive active pumps that promote the concentration of certain ions, particularly pot
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assium (K+), within the cell while keeping concentrations of other ions, for example, sodium (
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Na+), below the concentrations found in the extracellular environment. The other options do n
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ot correctly describe this process.
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8. Understanding the various steps of proteolytic cascades, such as caspase- x x x x x x x x x


mediated apoptosis and complement cascades, may be useful in designing drug therapy for whi
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ch human diseases?
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a. Cardiac and vascular disorders x x x x


b. Autoimmune and malignant disorders x x x x


c. Gastrointestinal and renal disorders x x x x


d. Endocrine and gastrointestinal disorders x x x x
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x


ANS: B x x


Understanding the various steps involved in this process is crucial for designing drug interven
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tions. Dysregulation of proteases features prominently in many human diseases, including ca
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ncer, autoimmunity, and neurodegenerative disorders. The other options do not correctly des
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cribe this process. x x x
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9. Which structure prevents water-
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soluble molecules from entering cells across the plasma membrane?
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a. Carbohydrate chains x x c. Membrane channel proteins
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b. Glycoprotein channels x x d. Lipid bilayer
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x


ANS: D x x


The bilayer’s structure accounts for one of the essential functions of the plasma membrane. It
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is impermeable to most water-
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soluble molecules (molecules that dissolve in water) because the water-
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soluble molecules are insoluble in the oily core region. The bilayer serves as a barrier to the di
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ffusion of water and hydrophilic substances while allowing lipid-
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soluble molecules, such as oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2), to diffuse through it readil
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y. The other options do not correctly describe this process.
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10. The fluid mosaic model explains:
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a. How a cell membrane functions x x x x x


b. Why our bodies appear to be solid x x x x x x x


c. How tissue is differentiated x x x x


d. How fluid moves between the intracellular and extracellular compartments
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