NSG124 PHARMACOLOGY
STUDY TEST PLAN EXAM 2
HERZING UNIVERSITY LATEST
UPDATE 2025-2026
Antibacterial
designed to fight against or kill bacteria
Antifungal
a drug that kills or prevents the growth of fungi
Antiviral
drug used to treat viral infections
Factors in choosing Antibiotics
1. identify the infecting organism
2. Drug sensitivity
3. Host factors
Factors that may change when choosing Antibiotics
1. allergy to drug of choice
2. inability of drug to penetrate site of infection
3. heightened susceptibility of patient for toxicity( renal dysfunction)
Uses for Antimicrobial Drugs
1. pre-op medication for prophylactic treatment prior to surgery
2. individuals with valvular disease to prevent endocarditis
3. Patients with neutropenia/high risk of infection
Misuses of Antimicrobials
1. treatment of viral infections (mumps, chickenpox, common cold which do not
respond)
2. Fever of unknown origin
3. Improper dosage
,Broad Spectrum Penicillins
Ampicillin and Amoxicillin
Narrow Spectrum Penicillins
Penicillin G
Penicillin V
Which penicillin is the most common to work against drug allergies, is the least
toxic, and works better because its more specific?
Napocillin
Severe reaction to Penicillin
hyperkalemia, hypernatremia, and anaphylaxis
Mild reaction to Penicillin
Itching
What medication can never be mixed with Penicillin?
Gentamicin
Nursing Considerations when giving Cephalosporin?
1. perform cultures prior to administration
2. determine the proper route
3. Oral meds must be refrigerated
4. IM route is more painful due to thickness of medication
What is the half-life of Carbapenems?
1 hour
How are Carbapenems excreted?
eliminated renally through the urine
Adverse effects of Carbapenems
nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea
What is the normal adult dose of Carbapenem?
500mg q6h
What is the primary use of Tetracycline?
Severe acne
Ulcer disease
periodontal disease
, Adverse Effects of Tetracycline
Gi: diarrhea
Staining of the teeth
Primary use of Macrolide
to treat whooping cough, diptheria, chlamydia, and substitute for penicillin
What does Clindamycin treat?
Toxin producing staph, MRSA, streptococci, anaerobes
What is the most common Aminoglycoside?
Gentamicin
Nursing consideration for Aminoglycosides
1. what type of therapy?
2. can be administered in 1 large dose or 2 divided doses
3. Always draw a peak 1 HR after injection and trough 30 min after IV infusion
4. DO NOT MIX GENTAMICIN AND PENICILLIN IN SAME IV
How do Sulfonamides work?
Competitively inhibit the pathway for folic acid synthesis and prevent the growth of
bacteria
Most common treatment for tuberculosis
Isoniazide
How should Isoniazide be taken?
on empty stomach 1 hr before or 2 hours after meals
Antitubercular Agents
Rifampin( PO, IV)
Levofloxacin (PO)
Streptomycin
Most common Fluroquinolone and what does it treat?
Ciprofloxcin treats upper respiratory infections and GI infections
Flagyl (metronidazole)
Classification: Antiinfective, antiulcer, Antiprotozoal
Therapeutic Effects: Treatment of anaerobic and parasitic infections
Adverse Reactions & side effects: SEIZURES, dizziness, HA, anorexia, nausea, GI
STUDY TEST PLAN EXAM 2
HERZING UNIVERSITY LATEST
UPDATE 2025-2026
Antibacterial
designed to fight against or kill bacteria
Antifungal
a drug that kills or prevents the growth of fungi
Antiviral
drug used to treat viral infections
Factors in choosing Antibiotics
1. identify the infecting organism
2. Drug sensitivity
3. Host factors
Factors that may change when choosing Antibiotics
1. allergy to drug of choice
2. inability of drug to penetrate site of infection
3. heightened susceptibility of patient for toxicity( renal dysfunction)
Uses for Antimicrobial Drugs
1. pre-op medication for prophylactic treatment prior to surgery
2. individuals with valvular disease to prevent endocarditis
3. Patients with neutropenia/high risk of infection
Misuses of Antimicrobials
1. treatment of viral infections (mumps, chickenpox, common cold which do not
respond)
2. Fever of unknown origin
3. Improper dosage
,Broad Spectrum Penicillins
Ampicillin and Amoxicillin
Narrow Spectrum Penicillins
Penicillin G
Penicillin V
Which penicillin is the most common to work against drug allergies, is the least
toxic, and works better because its more specific?
Napocillin
Severe reaction to Penicillin
hyperkalemia, hypernatremia, and anaphylaxis
Mild reaction to Penicillin
Itching
What medication can never be mixed with Penicillin?
Gentamicin
Nursing Considerations when giving Cephalosporin?
1. perform cultures prior to administration
2. determine the proper route
3. Oral meds must be refrigerated
4. IM route is more painful due to thickness of medication
What is the half-life of Carbapenems?
1 hour
How are Carbapenems excreted?
eliminated renally through the urine
Adverse effects of Carbapenems
nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea
What is the normal adult dose of Carbapenem?
500mg q6h
What is the primary use of Tetracycline?
Severe acne
Ulcer disease
periodontal disease
, Adverse Effects of Tetracycline
Gi: diarrhea
Staining of the teeth
Primary use of Macrolide
to treat whooping cough, diptheria, chlamydia, and substitute for penicillin
What does Clindamycin treat?
Toxin producing staph, MRSA, streptococci, anaerobes
What is the most common Aminoglycoside?
Gentamicin
Nursing consideration for Aminoglycosides
1. what type of therapy?
2. can be administered in 1 large dose or 2 divided doses
3. Always draw a peak 1 HR after injection and trough 30 min after IV infusion
4. DO NOT MIX GENTAMICIN AND PENICILLIN IN SAME IV
How do Sulfonamides work?
Competitively inhibit the pathway for folic acid synthesis and prevent the growth of
bacteria
Most common treatment for tuberculosis
Isoniazide
How should Isoniazide be taken?
on empty stomach 1 hr before or 2 hours after meals
Antitubercular Agents
Rifampin( PO, IV)
Levofloxacin (PO)
Streptomycin
Most common Fluroquinolone and what does it treat?
Ciprofloxcin treats upper respiratory infections and GI infections
Flagyl (metronidazole)
Classification: Antiinfective, antiulcer, Antiprotozoal
Therapeutic Effects: Treatment of anaerobic and parasitic infections
Adverse Reactions & side effects: SEIZURES, dizziness, HA, anorexia, nausea, GI
