GTC Microbiology Final Exam with correct answers 2025

GTC Microbiology Final Exam with correct
answers 2025


Whatvisvsepticemia?vHowvdoesvitvdiffervfromvbacteremia?v-vcorrect-answers-
Septicemavrefersvtovthevpresencevofvmicrobialvinfectionvofvthevbloodvthatvcausesvillness.vBacterem
iavrefersvspecificallyvtovbacterialvsepticemia,vthoughvmanyvphysiciansvusevthevtermsvbacteremiavan
dvsepticemiavinterchangeably.



Whatvisvthevcausevofvendotoxicvshock?v-vcorrect-answers-Dyingvgram-
negativevbacteriavdisintegrate,vreleasingvendotoxin,vwhichvisvthevlipidvAvportionvofvLPSvfromvthevou
tervmembrane,vintovthevblood.



Whatvisvthevcausevofvpuerperalvfever?v-vcorrect-answers-
Puerperalvrefersvtovthevperiodvimmediatelyvaftervchildbirth.vPuerperalvfevervisvcausedvbyvStrepvpyo
genes,vwhichvisvusuallyvharmlessvonvthevskinvorvinvthevmouthvbutvcausesvseverevcomplicationsvwhe
nvitventersvthevblood.vBacteriavpassvuterinevwallvintovthevblood.



Explainvhowvrheumaticvfevervdevelops.vWhatvtypevofvhypersensitivityvisvthat?v-vcorrect-answers-
Rheumaticvfevervonlyvoccursvinv3%vofvthevcasesvofvpeoplevwhovhavevhadvavstrepvinfection.vItvdevel
opsvasvavresultvofvanvautoimmunevresponse.vThevantibodiesvdirectedvagainstvstreptococcalvantige
nsvcross-
reactvwithvheartvantigensvwhichvthenvaffectvthevvalvesvofvthevheart.vThisvisvtypev3vimmunevcomple
xvhypersensitivity.

,Namevthreevtypesvofvbacteriavthatvcausevacutevbacterialvendocarditis:v-vcorrect-answers-
1)vViridiansvsreptococcusv

2)vStaphvaureus

3)vStrepvpneumonia

manyvothervbacteria



Whatvcausesv"cat-scratchvfever?"v-vcorrect-answers-Bartonella



Namevthevsignsvofvcatvscratchvfever:v-vcorrect-answers-
swellingvwherevscratchedvorvbit,vlymphvnodevinvolvement



Whatvdoesvitvmeanvthatvthevdiseasevoftervisv"subclinical?"v-vcorrect-answers-
Thevdiseasevmayvgovunnoticedvbecausevofvthevabsencevofvsymptoms,vevenvthoughvclinicalvtestsvre
vealvsignsvofvdisease.



Namevthevcausativevagentvinvplague:v-vcorrect-answers-Yersiniavpestis



Whatvisvavbuboe?v-vcorrect-answers-
Buboesvarevsmooth,venlarged,vreddened,vandvpainfullyvinflamedvlymphvnodes.



Howvdoesvtransmissionvoccur?v-vcorrect-answers-
Fleasvarevthevvectorsvforvthevspreadvofvthevbacteria.vInfectedvfleasvthatvhavevleftvtheirvnormalvanim
alvhostsvcanvspreadvplaguevtovhumans.



Whatvtypevofvplaguevhasvthevhighestvmortality?v-vcorrect-answers-
pneumonicvplague:vspreadvtovlungsv(orvthroughvinhalation)



Canvplaguevbevtreated?v-vcorrect-answers-
Yes,vstreptomycinvandvtetracyclinevareveffectivevagainstvYersinia.

,NamevthevbacteriavthatvcausevLymevdisease?v-vcorrect-answers-Borreliavburdorferiv(gramv-vrod)



Howvisvitvtransmitted?v-vcorrect-answers-ticksv(biologicalvvector)



Isvavbull'sveyevrashvalwaysvseen?vWhatvisvthat?v-vcorrect-answers-
No,v80%vofvpatientsvhavevthevbull'sveyevrashvatvthevsitevofvinfection.vItvisverythemavmigrans.



Canvitvbevtreated?v-vcorrect-answers-
Yes,vpenicillins,vtetracyclines,vorvcephalosporinsvareveffectivevinvthevfirstvphase,vlatervphasesvarevdi
fficultvtovtreat.



Whatvarevsomevlatevmanifestationsvofvthevdisease?v-vcorrect-answers-
headache,vfatigue,vinvsmallv%vnervousv(CNS)vandvcardiovascularvsymptoms,veventuallyvchronicvart
hritis



HowvisvRockyvMountainvspottedvfevervtransmitted?v-vcorrect-answers-ticksv(biologicalvvectors)



Whichvbacteriumvcausesvthevdisease?v-vcorrect-answers-Rickettsia



Whatvtypevofvrashvisvseen?v-vcorrect-answers-subcuaneousvhemorrhagesvknownvasvpetechiae



Whatvarevothervsymptoms?v-vcorrect-answers-
fever,vheadache,vchills,vmusclevpain,vnauseavandvvomitting



Howvseriousvisvthevdisease?v-vcorrect-answers-
Earlyvdiagnosisvisvcrucialvbecausevpromptvtreatmentvoftenvmakesvthevdifferencevbetweenvrecover
yvandvdeath.vItvisvimpossiblevtoveliminatevthevticksvinvthevwild,vinvpartvbecausevtheyvcanvsurvivevwit
houtvfeedingvforvmorevthanvfourvyears.

, Whatvisvthevcausevofv"mono?"v-vcorrect-answers-
Bacteriav=vEpsteinvBarrvVirus;v"Mono"visvavresultvofvavpatient'svcellularvimmunevsystemvwithvanvinf
ectedvWBC.



Whichvcellsvarevinvolved?v-vcorrect-answers-
Aftervinitiallyvinfectingvepithelialvcellsvofvthevthroatvandvsalivaryvglands,vEpstein-
Barrvvirusventersvthevblood,vwherevitvinvadesvBvlymphocytesv(WBC).



Characterizevthevvirusvthatvcausesvthisvdisease:v-vcorrect-answers-EBVvisvanvenveloped,vdouble-
strandedvDNAvvirusvthatvreplicatesvinvavhost'svcell'svnucleus.



Whyvisvthisvcalledvav"persistent"vinfection?v-vcorrect-answers-
virusvcanvinvadevmanyvorgansv(liver,vmyocarditis,vglomerulonephritis)



Howvisvitvtransmitted?v-vcorrect-answers-TransmissionvofvEpstein-
Barrvvirusvusuallyvoccursvviavsaliva,voftenvduringvthevsharingvofvdrinkingvglassesvorvwhilevkissing.vInf
ectiousvmononucleosisvisvcommonlyvknownvasvthev"kissingvdisease".



WhatvisvthevcausevofvBurkitt'svLymphoma?v-vcorrect-answers-
EBVvsuppressesvapoptosisv(programmedvcellvdeath)vofvBvlymphocytes,vcausingvinfectedvcellsvtovbe
comevimmortal.vInvcombinationvwithvavsuppressedvimmunevsystem,vsuchvinfectedvBvcellsvarevonevs
ourcevofvcancers,vlikevBurkitt'svlymphoma,vavcancervofvthevjaw.



Whatvarevthevsigns?v-vcorrect-answers-
1)vsorevthroat,vfever,venlargedvlymphvnodes,vmanyvothervvariedvsymptoms

2)v"persistent"vinfection:vvirusvcanvinvadevmanyvorgansvlikevthevliver,vheartv(myocarditis),vandvkidn
eyv(glomerulonephritis)