ESSENTIALS OF GEOLOGY 13TH EDITION
EXAM PREP GUIDE WITH SOLVED QUESTIONS
VERIFIED ANSWERS AND GUARANTEED PASS
CONCEPTS
◉Order the steps, from early- to late-stage conversion, for this sediment
to become a host to natural gas or oil. Answer: Earliest to Latest:
Plankton and clay floating in low-oxygen water sink and accumulate
More sediment accumulates over the plankton-rich layer and compresses
it
Organic-rich sediment is transformed into organic-rich shale
Heat and pressure increase with burial depth; organics convert to
kerogen
As temperature increases, kerogen turns into oil and natural gas
◉Reservoir rock with high ___ is the preferred reservoir rock for an oil
or gas well because fluids move through it easily. Reservoir rock that has
high ___ may store much fluid. However, it's the connection between the
___ that allow flow to occur through the rock. Answer: Permeability
Porosity
Pores
, ◉What physical characteristics make a rock a good source rock for
hydrocarbons? In the diagram below, indicate which is the good source
rock. Answer: Left - poor source rock
Right - good source rock
◉Low ___ would cause difficulty in pumping oil directly from a source
rock. Answer: Permeability
◉A ___ is relatively impermeable; examples include shale, salt, and
unfractured limestone. Impermeable rock must overlie a ___ in order for
a ___ to form. Answer: Seal
Reservoir rock
Hydrocarbon trap
◉Label the components of the hydrocarbon system shown in diagram C.
Answer: Left - reservoir rock
Second from left - source rock
Second from right - hydrocarbon trap
Right - sealing rock
◉A ___ is produced when a vibrator truck or a dynamite blast sends
waves into the ground and the signal returns to the surface. After the
waves reflect off subsurface layers, they are picked up by ___.
Reflections are coded in colors to represent the varying ___. Answer:
Seismic profile
EXAM PREP GUIDE WITH SOLVED QUESTIONS
VERIFIED ANSWERS AND GUARANTEED PASS
CONCEPTS
◉Order the steps, from early- to late-stage conversion, for this sediment
to become a host to natural gas or oil. Answer: Earliest to Latest:
Plankton and clay floating in low-oxygen water sink and accumulate
More sediment accumulates over the plankton-rich layer and compresses
it
Organic-rich sediment is transformed into organic-rich shale
Heat and pressure increase with burial depth; organics convert to
kerogen
As temperature increases, kerogen turns into oil and natural gas
◉Reservoir rock with high ___ is the preferred reservoir rock for an oil
or gas well because fluids move through it easily. Reservoir rock that has
high ___ may store much fluid. However, it's the connection between the
___ that allow flow to occur through the rock. Answer: Permeability
Porosity
Pores
, ◉What physical characteristics make a rock a good source rock for
hydrocarbons? In the diagram below, indicate which is the good source
rock. Answer: Left - poor source rock
Right - good source rock
◉Low ___ would cause difficulty in pumping oil directly from a source
rock. Answer: Permeability
◉A ___ is relatively impermeable; examples include shale, salt, and
unfractured limestone. Impermeable rock must overlie a ___ in order for
a ___ to form. Answer: Seal
Reservoir rock
Hydrocarbon trap
◉Label the components of the hydrocarbon system shown in diagram C.
Answer: Left - reservoir rock
Second from left - source rock
Second from right - hydrocarbon trap
Right - sealing rock
◉A ___ is produced when a vibrator truck or a dynamite blast sends
waves into the ground and the signal returns to the surface. After the
waves reflect off subsurface layers, they are picked up by ___.
Reflections are coded in colors to represent the varying ___. Answer:
Seismic profile
