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ANSWERS|LATEST
UPDATE!!!!2025/2026|GUARANTEED
PASS|GRADED A+
The four major processes that occur in the digestive system. - ANSWER 1. Motility
2. Secretion
3. Digestion
4. Absorption
Motility - ANSWER Contractions of smooth muscle in the walls of the digestive tract
Secretion - ANSWER Movement of substances into digestive tract lumen
Digestion - ANSWER Biochemically breakdown nutrients (carbohydrates, fats, proteins)
into smaller absorbable units (monosaccharides, fatty acids, amino acids)
Absorption - ANSWER Small absorbable units are transferred from digestive tract into
blood or lymp
Which stomach cells secrete hydrochloric acid (HCl)? What is the mechanism of HCl
secretion? - ANSWER -Parietal Cells
-
What are the signals for HCl secretion? - ANSWER 1. Parasympathetic nervous system
(ACh)
2. Gastrin (a hormone)
3. Histamine (a paracrine; produced by cells in the stomach)
1
, Which stomach cells secrete pepsinogen? How is pepsinogen activated? What is the
function of pepsin? - ANSWER -Chief cells
-Activated by HCl
-Pepsin: enzyme that breaks down protein
The majority of carbohydrate, fat, and protein digestion occurs in which organ? -
ANSWER Small intestine
List the primary digestive enzymes of the pancreas. - ANSWER a) Pancreatic amylase
(similar to salivary amylase): starch → maltose
b) Trypsin, chymotrypsin: proteins → amino acids and small peptides
c) Pancreatic lipase: fat → monoglycerides and fatty acids
What are the mechanisms for absorption of each type of nutrient absorbable unit from the
digestive tract? - ANSWER
Describe the steps in carbohydrate digestion (both disaccharides and polysaccharides) and
how the digestion products are absorbed out of the digestive tract. - ANSWER
What is the mechanism for amino acid absorption? - ANSWER 1. Cross apical
membrane by sodium linked-secondary active transport or facilitated diffusion
a) Different transporters for different amino acid types
2. Cross basolateral membrane by facilitated diffusion
What is the mechanism for di, and tripeptide absorption? - ANSWER 1. Cross apical
membrane by secondary active transport
2. Broken down inside cell to amino acid
3. Amino acids cross basolateral membrane by facilitated diffusion
2
ANSWERS|LATEST
UPDATE!!!!2025/2026|GUARANTEED
PASS|GRADED A+
The four major processes that occur in the digestive system. - ANSWER 1. Motility
2. Secretion
3. Digestion
4. Absorption
Motility - ANSWER Contractions of smooth muscle in the walls of the digestive tract
Secretion - ANSWER Movement of substances into digestive tract lumen
Digestion - ANSWER Biochemically breakdown nutrients (carbohydrates, fats, proteins)
into smaller absorbable units (monosaccharides, fatty acids, amino acids)
Absorption - ANSWER Small absorbable units are transferred from digestive tract into
blood or lymp
Which stomach cells secrete hydrochloric acid (HCl)? What is the mechanism of HCl
secretion? - ANSWER -Parietal Cells
-
What are the signals for HCl secretion? - ANSWER 1. Parasympathetic nervous system
(ACh)
2. Gastrin (a hormone)
3. Histamine (a paracrine; produced by cells in the stomach)
1
, Which stomach cells secrete pepsinogen? How is pepsinogen activated? What is the
function of pepsin? - ANSWER -Chief cells
-Activated by HCl
-Pepsin: enzyme that breaks down protein
The majority of carbohydrate, fat, and protein digestion occurs in which organ? -
ANSWER Small intestine
List the primary digestive enzymes of the pancreas. - ANSWER a) Pancreatic amylase
(similar to salivary amylase): starch → maltose
b) Trypsin, chymotrypsin: proteins → amino acids and small peptides
c) Pancreatic lipase: fat → monoglycerides and fatty acids
What are the mechanisms for absorption of each type of nutrient absorbable unit from the
digestive tract? - ANSWER
Describe the steps in carbohydrate digestion (both disaccharides and polysaccharides) and
how the digestion products are absorbed out of the digestive tract. - ANSWER
What is the mechanism for amino acid absorption? - ANSWER 1. Cross apical
membrane by sodium linked-secondary active transport or facilitated diffusion
a) Different transporters for different amino acid types
2. Cross basolateral membrane by facilitated diffusion
What is the mechanism for di, and tripeptide absorption? - ANSWER 1. Cross apical
membrane by secondary active transport
2. Broken down inside cell to amino acid
3. Amino acids cross basolateral membrane by facilitated diffusion
2
