CERTIFICATION TEST PAPER 2026 QUESTIONS
WITH ANSWERS GUARANTEED TO PASS
◉ Genetic engineering. Answer: Manipulating an organism's genome
using biotechnology to achieve desired traits
◉ Genetic modification techniques. Answer: Methods like
CRISPR/Cas9, retroviruses, Agrobacterium, and TALENs used to alter
an organism's genetic makeup
◉ Artificial breeding vs genetic engineering. Answer: Artificial breeding
selects for specific traits through breeding, while genetic engineering
directly alters an organism's DNA
◉ Types of genetic modifications. Answer: Includes gene editing, gene
addition, gene silencing, and gene deletion
◉ Controversies over GMOs. Answer: Debates regarding the safety,
environmental impact, and labeling of genetically modified organisms