NSG 3480 Exams Bundle Community Health
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Epidemiology - . . ANSWER ✔ ✔the study of the
distribution and determinants of health and disease in
human population
Three Elements of the Epidemiological Triangle - . .
ANSWER ✔ ✔- Agent: actual cause of disease
- Host: carrier of disease
- Environment: any outside factors
Use of Epidemiology in Disease Control and Prevention - .
. ANSWER ✔ ✔PERSON: "Who" factors, such as
demographic characteristics, health, and disease status
PLACE: "Where" factors, such as geographic (data)
location, climate and environmental conditions, and
political and social environment
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TIME: "When" factors, such as time of day, week, or
month and secular trends over months and years
Wheel Model of Epidemiology - . . ANSWER ✔ ✔The
wheel model stresses the multiplicity of host and
environmental interactions have developed and
understanding of disease has progressed.
Which is better the triangle or the wheel? - . . ANSWER
✔ ✔The Wheel Model subscribes to multiple-causation
disease theory; therefore, it is MORE USEFUL for
analyzing complex chronic conditions and identifying
factors that are amendable to nursing intervention.
Web of Causation Model - . . ANSWER ✔ ✔In essence,
the web of causation model is better at showing the
relationships among variables.
Incidence rates - . . ANSWER ✔ ✔describe the
occurrence of new cases of a disease or condition in a
community
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Prevalence rate - . . ANSWER ✔ ✔is the number of all
cases of a specific disease or condition in a population at a
given point in time
Meaningful Comparisons - . . ANSWER ✔ ✔The
community nurse compares data with rates from other
cities, counties, districts, or states; from the nation; and
from previous records.
*SHOWS TRENDS*
Risk - . . ANSWER ✔ ✔probability of an adverse event
Risk factor - . . ANSWER ✔ ✔any action or condition
that increases the likelihood of injury, disease, or other
negative outcome
Descriptive Epidemiology - . . ANSWER ✔ ✔- Focuses
on the amount and distribution of health and health
problems within a population
- The purpose is to describe the characteristics of both
people who are protected from disease and those who have
a disease.