Paramedic Airway FISDAP Review Part 1 Most Recent 2025/2026
Actual Complete Real Exam Questions And Correct Answers
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Two types of hemoglobin normally found: - ANSWER-*a.
Oxyhemoglobin
(HbO2)*: Hemoglobin that is occupied
by oxygen
*b. Reduced hemoglobin*: Hemoglobin after oxygen has been
released to cells
CO-oximeter, or CO monitor - ANSWER-Measures absorption at
several wavelengths to distinguish Hbo2 from COHb.
-Determines HbO2 saturation (percentage of oxygenated Hb
compared with the total amount of hemoglobin) including
COHb, metHb, HbO2, and reduced Hb.
Peak Expiratory Flow Measurement - ANSWER--
Bronchoconstriction can be evaluated by measuring the peak
rate of a forceful exhalation with a peak expiratory flowmeter:
a. Increasing peak expiratory flow: Suggests patient is
responding to treatment.
b. Decreasing peak expiratory flow: Suggests patient's
condition is deteriorating. -Varies based on gender, height,
, and age --> Healthy adults have a peak expiratory flow rate of
350 to 750 mL.
-To assess peak expiratory flow:
1. Place the patient in a seated position with legs dangling.
2. Assemble the flowmeter.
3. Ensure that it reads zero.
4. Ask the patient to take a deep breath, place the mouthpiece in
his or her mouth, and exhale as forcefully as possible (make
sure there are no air leaks).
5. Perform the test three times.
6. Take the best peak flow rate of the three readings.
Arterial blood gas analysis - ANSWER-1. Most
comprehensive quantitative information about the
respiratory system 2. Blood is obtained from a superficial
artery.
3. Blood is analyzed for pH, Paco2, PaO2, Hco3−, base excess
(indicating acidosis or alkalosis), and Sao2.
a. pH and Hco3− are used to evaluate a patient's acid-base
status.
b. Paco2 indicates the effectiveness of ventilation.
c. PaO2 and Sao2 are indicators of oxygenation.
End-tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO2) assessment - ANSWER-
ETCO2 monitors detect carbon dioxide in exhaled air -->
Adjuncts for determining ventilation adequacy
-Types of monitors include colorimetric, digital, and
digital/waveform.
,Colorimetric - ANSWER-Provides qualitative (does not assign
a numeric value) information regarding the presence of carbon
dioxide in exhaled breath -After 6 to 8 positive pressure
breaths, paper inside the detector should turn from purple to
yellow during exhalation --> Indicates the presence of exhaled
carbon dioxide
-Should be used during initial confirmation of ET tube
placement and replaced as soon as possible with a
quantitative device -Sensitive to temperature extremes and
humidity
i. May be less reliable if vomitus or other
secretions get into it ii. Paper inside degrades
over time.
Capnometer - ANSWER-Displays a numeric reading of exhaled
carbon dioxide.
--> More reliable than the colorimetric
co2 detector
Capnography - ANSWER-Provides a graphic representation of
exhaled carbon
dioxide.
-Capnography can indicate chest compression effectiveness
and detect return of spontaneous circulation.
-Two types:
1. Waveform capnography: Provides real-time information
and displays a graphic waveform
, --> Many portable cardiac monitor/defibrillators provide a
numeric reading and a waveform (digital/waveform
capnography).
2. Quantitative waveform capnography: Detection of
bronchospasm, hypoventilation, and hyperventilation
--> Recommended method of monitoring initial and ongoing
placement of an advanced airway device.
-Uses of waveform capnography in the nonintubated patient:
i. Assess the severity of asthma, COPD, or any pathologic
process that causes pulmonary air trapping
ii. Gauge the effectiveness of treatment
-If inadvertent extubation occurs, then you would expect to see
a complete loss
of a capnographic waveform and
etco2 reading.
-On occasion, the sampling tubing from the in-line adaptor to
the cardiac monitor/defibrillator gets obstructed with blood or
other debris, blocking the flow of gas to the sensor and
"zeroing out" the waveform and etco2 reading. --> Replace the
in-line adaptor to restore the waveform and etco2 reading.
Carbon Dioxide (CO2) - ANSWER--Carbon dioxide
concentration in exhaled gases: 35-45 mm Hg
-Typically, etco2 is approximately 2 to 5 mm Hg lower than
arterial Paco2.
-ETCO2 monitoring is limited with cardiac arrest:
Actual Complete Real Exam Questions And Correct Answers
(Verified Answers) || Already Graded A+ | Newest Exam
| Just Released!! STUDY GUIDE EXAM
Two types of hemoglobin normally found: - ANSWER-*a.
Oxyhemoglobin
(HbO2)*: Hemoglobin that is occupied
by oxygen
*b. Reduced hemoglobin*: Hemoglobin after oxygen has been
released to cells
CO-oximeter, or CO monitor - ANSWER-Measures absorption at
several wavelengths to distinguish Hbo2 from COHb.
-Determines HbO2 saturation (percentage of oxygenated Hb
compared with the total amount of hemoglobin) including
COHb, metHb, HbO2, and reduced Hb.
Peak Expiratory Flow Measurement - ANSWER--
Bronchoconstriction can be evaluated by measuring the peak
rate of a forceful exhalation with a peak expiratory flowmeter:
a. Increasing peak expiratory flow: Suggests patient is
responding to treatment.
b. Decreasing peak expiratory flow: Suggests patient's
condition is deteriorating. -Varies based on gender, height,
, and age --> Healthy adults have a peak expiratory flow rate of
350 to 750 mL.
-To assess peak expiratory flow:
1. Place the patient in a seated position with legs dangling.
2. Assemble the flowmeter.
3. Ensure that it reads zero.
4. Ask the patient to take a deep breath, place the mouthpiece in
his or her mouth, and exhale as forcefully as possible (make
sure there are no air leaks).
5. Perform the test three times.
6. Take the best peak flow rate of the three readings.
Arterial blood gas analysis - ANSWER-1. Most
comprehensive quantitative information about the
respiratory system 2. Blood is obtained from a superficial
artery.
3. Blood is analyzed for pH, Paco2, PaO2, Hco3−, base excess
(indicating acidosis or alkalosis), and Sao2.
a. pH and Hco3− are used to evaluate a patient's acid-base
status.
b. Paco2 indicates the effectiveness of ventilation.
c. PaO2 and Sao2 are indicators of oxygenation.
End-tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO2) assessment - ANSWER-
ETCO2 monitors detect carbon dioxide in exhaled air -->
Adjuncts for determining ventilation adequacy
-Types of monitors include colorimetric, digital, and
digital/waveform.
,Colorimetric - ANSWER-Provides qualitative (does not assign
a numeric value) information regarding the presence of carbon
dioxide in exhaled breath -After 6 to 8 positive pressure
breaths, paper inside the detector should turn from purple to
yellow during exhalation --> Indicates the presence of exhaled
carbon dioxide
-Should be used during initial confirmation of ET tube
placement and replaced as soon as possible with a
quantitative device -Sensitive to temperature extremes and
humidity
i. May be less reliable if vomitus or other
secretions get into it ii. Paper inside degrades
over time.
Capnometer - ANSWER-Displays a numeric reading of exhaled
carbon dioxide.
--> More reliable than the colorimetric
co2 detector
Capnography - ANSWER-Provides a graphic representation of
exhaled carbon
dioxide.
-Capnography can indicate chest compression effectiveness
and detect return of spontaneous circulation.
-Two types:
1. Waveform capnography: Provides real-time information
and displays a graphic waveform
, --> Many portable cardiac monitor/defibrillators provide a
numeric reading and a waveform (digital/waveform
capnography).
2. Quantitative waveform capnography: Detection of
bronchospasm, hypoventilation, and hyperventilation
--> Recommended method of monitoring initial and ongoing
placement of an advanced airway device.
-Uses of waveform capnography in the nonintubated patient:
i. Assess the severity of asthma, COPD, or any pathologic
process that causes pulmonary air trapping
ii. Gauge the effectiveness of treatment
-If inadvertent extubation occurs, then you would expect to see
a complete loss
of a capnographic waveform and
etco2 reading.
-On occasion, the sampling tubing from the in-line adaptor to
the cardiac monitor/defibrillator gets obstructed with blood or
other debris, blocking the flow of gas to the sensor and
"zeroing out" the waveform and etco2 reading. --> Replace the
in-line adaptor to restore the waveform and etco2 reading.
Carbon Dioxide (CO2) - ANSWER--Carbon dioxide
concentration in exhaled gases: 35-45 mm Hg
-Typically, etco2 is approximately 2 to 5 mm Hg lower than
arterial Paco2.
-ETCO2 monitoring is limited with cardiac arrest:
