CARDIAC/VASCULAR NURSING
EXAM REVIEWED QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS LATEST 2025/2026
GRADED A+
Comprehensive Med-Surg Nursing Exam – Cardiovascular System
1. The ascending aorta originates from which structure of the heart?
A. Right atrium
B. Left atrium
C. Left ventricle ✅
D. Pulmonary trunk
Rationale:
The ascending aorta begins at the aortic valve of the left ventricle and supplies blood to the
coronary arteries, which nourish the heart muscle.
2. Which arteries branch from the aortic arch?
A. Right and left coronary arteries
B. Brachiocephalic, left common carotid, and left subclavian arteries ✅
C. Celiac and mesenteric arteries
D. Iliac and femoral arteries
Rationale:
The aortic arch gives rise to three major branches supplying the head, neck, and upper limbs.
3. The descending aorta extends from:
A. The pulmonary artery to the lungs
B. The aortic arch to the lower body ✅
C. The left ventricle to the right atrium
D. The carotid arteries to the brain
1
,Rationale:
The descending aorta continues from the aortic arch through the thoracic and abdominal
cavities, supplying the trunk and lower body.
4. The coronary arteries are perfused primarily during:
A. Systole
B. Diastole ✅
C. Inspiration
D. Expiration
Rationale:
During diastole, the heart relaxes, allowing blood to flow into the coronary arteries and supply
the myocardium.
5. The P wave on an ECG represents:
A. Ventricular depolarization
B. Atrial repolarization
C. Atrial depolarization ✅
D. Ventricular repolarization
Rationale:
The P wave shows atrial depolarization, which precedes atrial contraction.
6. The Q wave on an ECG indicates:
A. Beginning of ventricular depolarization ✅
B. Completion of atrial contraction
C. Ventricular repolarization
D. End of cardiac cycle
Rationale:
The Q wave marks the start of ventricular depolarization, leading to contraction of the
ventricles.
7. Which ECG leads represent the inferior wall of the heart?
A. V1, V2
B. I, aVL, V5, V6
C. II, III, aVF ✅
D. V3, V4
2
, Rationale:
Leads II, III, and aVF view the inferior portion of the heart, often affected in RCA occlusion.
8. Anterior wall infarctions are best seen in which leads?
A. I and aVL
B. II, III, aVF
C. V3, V4 ✅
D. V1, V2
Rationale:
Leads V3–V4 correspond to the anterior wall of the left ventricle, usually supplied by the LAD
artery.
9. The septal wall is viewed by which ECG leads?
A. V1, V2 ✅
B. V3, V4
C. V5, V6
D. II, III, aVF
Rationale:
Leads V1 and V2 assess the interventricular septum, supplied by the LAD artery.
10. The lateral wall of the heart is represented by which leads?
A. I, aVL, V5, V6 ✅
B. II, III, aVF
C. V1, V2
D. V3, V4
Rationale:
Leads I, aVL, V5, and V6 visualize the lateral left ventricular wall supplied by the circumflex
artery.
11. The T wave represents:
A. Ventricular depolarization
B. Atrial depolarization
C. Ventricular repolarization ✅
D. Atrial repolarization
3
EXAM REVIEWED QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS LATEST 2025/2026
GRADED A+
Comprehensive Med-Surg Nursing Exam – Cardiovascular System
1. The ascending aorta originates from which structure of the heart?
A. Right atrium
B. Left atrium
C. Left ventricle ✅
D. Pulmonary trunk
Rationale:
The ascending aorta begins at the aortic valve of the left ventricle and supplies blood to the
coronary arteries, which nourish the heart muscle.
2. Which arteries branch from the aortic arch?
A. Right and left coronary arteries
B. Brachiocephalic, left common carotid, and left subclavian arteries ✅
C. Celiac and mesenteric arteries
D. Iliac and femoral arteries
Rationale:
The aortic arch gives rise to three major branches supplying the head, neck, and upper limbs.
3. The descending aorta extends from:
A. The pulmonary artery to the lungs
B. The aortic arch to the lower body ✅
C. The left ventricle to the right atrium
D. The carotid arteries to the brain
1
,Rationale:
The descending aorta continues from the aortic arch through the thoracic and abdominal
cavities, supplying the trunk and lower body.
4. The coronary arteries are perfused primarily during:
A. Systole
B. Diastole ✅
C. Inspiration
D. Expiration
Rationale:
During diastole, the heart relaxes, allowing blood to flow into the coronary arteries and supply
the myocardium.
5. The P wave on an ECG represents:
A. Ventricular depolarization
B. Atrial repolarization
C. Atrial depolarization ✅
D. Ventricular repolarization
Rationale:
The P wave shows atrial depolarization, which precedes atrial contraction.
6. The Q wave on an ECG indicates:
A. Beginning of ventricular depolarization ✅
B. Completion of atrial contraction
C. Ventricular repolarization
D. End of cardiac cycle
Rationale:
The Q wave marks the start of ventricular depolarization, leading to contraction of the
ventricles.
7. Which ECG leads represent the inferior wall of the heart?
A. V1, V2
B. I, aVL, V5, V6
C. II, III, aVF ✅
D. V3, V4
2
, Rationale:
Leads II, III, and aVF view the inferior portion of the heart, often affected in RCA occlusion.
8. Anterior wall infarctions are best seen in which leads?
A. I and aVL
B. II, III, aVF
C. V3, V4 ✅
D. V1, V2
Rationale:
Leads V3–V4 correspond to the anterior wall of the left ventricle, usually supplied by the LAD
artery.
9. The septal wall is viewed by which ECG leads?
A. V1, V2 ✅
B. V3, V4
C. V5, V6
D. II, III, aVF
Rationale:
Leads V1 and V2 assess the interventricular septum, supplied by the LAD artery.
10. The lateral wall of the heart is represented by which leads?
A. I, aVL, V5, V6 ✅
B. II, III, aVF
C. V1, V2
D. V3, V4
Rationale:
Leads I, aVL, V5, and V6 visualize the lateral left ventricular wall supplied by the circumflex
artery.
11. The T wave represents:
A. Ventricular depolarization
B. Atrial depolarization
C. Ventricular repolarization ✅
D. Atrial repolarization
3
