CAMPBELL-BIOLOGY CHAPTER 4
EXAM Q’S AND A’S
Organic Chemistry - answer- the study of carbon compounds
carbon - answer- form diverse molecules by bonding to four other atoms
electron configuration - answer- key to an atoms chemical characteristics
hydrocarbons - answer- organic molecules consisting of only hydrogen and carbon
major component of petroleum
undergo reactions that release a relatively large amount of energy
isomers - answer- compounds that have the same element but different structures
hence different properties
structural isomers - answer- differ covalent arrangements of their atoms
single bonds - answer- allow the atom they join to rotate freely about the bond axis
without changing the compound
double bonds - answer- do not permit the atom to rotate
cis isomer - answer- arrangement with both x's on the same side of the double bond
"same or close"
trans isomer - answer- arrangement with the x's on opposite sides of the double
bond
"different"
Enantiomers - answer- isomers that are mirror images of each other and that differ in
shape due to the presence of asymmetric carbon
asymmetric carbon - answer- is attached to four different atoms or group of atoms
functional groups - answer- chemical groups involved directly in chemical reactions
hydroxyl group - answer- -OH
names end in -ol typically
polar due to electronegative oxygen. Forms hydrogen bonds with water, helps
dissolve compounds such as sugars
carbonyl group - answer- sugars with ketone
groups are ketoses, those with aldehydes are called aldoses
ketoses - answer- within
EXAM Q’S AND A’S
Organic Chemistry - answer- the study of carbon compounds
carbon - answer- form diverse molecules by bonding to four other atoms
electron configuration - answer- key to an atoms chemical characteristics
hydrocarbons - answer- organic molecules consisting of only hydrogen and carbon
major component of petroleum
undergo reactions that release a relatively large amount of energy
isomers - answer- compounds that have the same element but different structures
hence different properties
structural isomers - answer- differ covalent arrangements of their atoms
single bonds - answer- allow the atom they join to rotate freely about the bond axis
without changing the compound
double bonds - answer- do not permit the atom to rotate
cis isomer - answer- arrangement with both x's on the same side of the double bond
"same or close"
trans isomer - answer- arrangement with the x's on opposite sides of the double
bond
"different"
Enantiomers - answer- isomers that are mirror images of each other and that differ in
shape due to the presence of asymmetric carbon
asymmetric carbon - answer- is attached to four different atoms or group of atoms
functional groups - answer- chemical groups involved directly in chemical reactions
hydroxyl group - answer- -OH
names end in -ol typically
polar due to electronegative oxygen. Forms hydrogen bonds with water, helps
dissolve compounds such as sugars
carbonyl group - answer- sugars with ketone
groups are ketoses, those with aldehydes are called aldoses
ketoses - answer- within
