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Samenvatting praktische psychofarmacologie (MA1 vub)

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Dit is een samenvatting van het vak 'praktische psychofarmacologie' uit het eerste masterjaar klinische psychologie aan de VUB. Het is een zeer uitgebreide en volledige samenvatting van het academiejaar . Ik ben ruim geslaagd op dit vak door het studeren van deze samenvatting!!

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Uploaded on
November 2, 2025
Number of pages
171
Written in
2024/2025
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LenaCoe
Academiejaar ’24-‘25

Praktische psychofarmacologie
Inhoud
1. Basisbegrippen................................................................................................................3
1.1 Anatomie van de hersenen ...........................................................................................3
1.2 Neurotransmissie ...................................................................................................... 12
1.1 Aangrijpingspunten voor psychopharmaca ................................................................. 18
1.2 Mechanismen voor neuromodulatie ........................................................................... 27
1.3 Neurotransmitter en neuromodulator systemen.......................................................... 30
2. Aan middelen gebonden stoornissen en hun behandeling ............................................... 40
2.1 Centrale stimulantia .................................................................................................. 46
2.1.1 Cocaïne..................................................................................................................... 48
2.1.2 Amfetamines ............................................................................................................. 50
2.1.3 MDMA ....................................................................................................................... 51
2.1.4 Synthetische cathinonen............................................................................................ 53
2.2 Nicotine .................................................................................................................... 53
2.3 Opioïden ................................................................................................................... 58
2.4 Cannabinoiden .......................................................................................................... 64
2.5 Alcohol ...................................................................................................................... 66
2.6 GHB/GBL................................................................................................................... 70
2.7 Dissociatieve anesthetica .......................................................................................... 72
2.8 Klassieke psychedelica .............................................................................................. 74
3. Behandeling van ADHD .................................................................................................. 76
3.1 DMS-5: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder ............................................................ 76
3.2 Het netwerk model .................................................................................................... 76
3.3 Het “catecholamine arousal” model ........................................................................... 77
3.4 Behandeling .............................................................................................................. 79
4. Hypnotica en sedativa ................................................................................................... 86
4.1 Slaap en alertheid ...................................................................................................... 86
4.2 GABAA receptoren ...................................................................................................... 89
4.3 Benzodiazepines........................................................................................................ 91
4.4 Z-drugs ...................................................................................................................... 95
4.5 Melatonine ................................................................................................................ 96
4.6 Middelen op basis van planten ................................................................................... 97

1

,LenaCoe
Academiejaar ’24-‘25
4.7 Diversen .................................................................................................................... 97
5. Antipsychotica .............................................................................................................. 99
5.1 Psychotische stoornissen........................................................................................... 99
5.2 Klassieke antipsychotica .......................................................................................... 102
5.3 Atypische antipsychotica ......................................................................................... 105
5.4 Algemene indicaties van antipsychotica ................................................................... 109
5.5 Algemene contra-indicaties antipsychotica .............................................................. 110
6. Behandeling van depressie .......................................................................................... 112
6.1 Neurobiologie van depressie .................................................................................... 112
6.2 Behandeling van depressie ....................................................................................... 117
6.2.1 Monoamine heropname remmers ............................................................................ 118
6.2.2 Antidepressiva die inwerken op neuroreceptoren ...................................................... 125
6.2.3 MAO inhibitoren ....................................................................................................... 127
6.2.4 Glutamaterge antidepressiva ................................................................................... 129
6.2.5 Sint-Janskruid .......................................................................................................... 131
7. Behandeling van angststoornissen, trauma-gerelateerde stoornissen en obsessief-
compulsieve stoornissen ..................................................................................................... 134
7.1 Neurobiologie .......................................................................................................... 135
7.2 Behandeling ............................................................................................................ 139
8. Bipolaire stoornis en stemmingsstabilisatoren .............................................................. 142
8.1 Neurobiologie .......................................................................................................... 142
8.2 Behandeling ............................................................................................................ 144
8.2.1 Lithiumzouten ......................................................................................................... 145
8.2.2 Anti-epileptica/stemmingsregulatoren...................................................................... 146
9. Dementie .................................................................................................................... 151
9.1 Geneesmiddelen voor het behandeling van cognitieve symptomen bij dementie ........ 151
10. Psychedelica voor therapieresistente depressie: ketamine en psilocybine ................. 158
10.1 Ketamine voor TRD................................................................................................... 163
10.2 Psilocybine voor TRD? .............................................................................................. 166




2

,LenaCoe
Academiejaar ’24-‘25

1. Basisbegrippen
(Dit is herhaling, hij heeft dit meerdere keren aangehaald. Hij is hier zeer snel overheen
gegaan)


1.1 Anatomie van de hersenen
Anatomische terminologie

Snijvlakken en oriëntatie in de hersenen




Ontwikkeling van neutrale buis tot hersenen




Deze ontwikkeling is de
embryologie. Begint bij 5
secundaire hersenblaadjes en
deze ontwikkelen tot hoe we de
hersenen kennen




3

, LenaCoe
Academiejaar ’24-‘25
Cerebrum




= kleine hersenen

De groeven in de hersenen dienen voor meer oppervlakte

• Sulci en gyri: rol in evolutie naar grotere computationele capaciteit in zoogdieren?




Er is een correlatie tussen gewicht van hersenen en lichaamsgewicht, maar is niet per se een
predictie van intelligentie




4

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