PHIL120 Final UPDATED ACTUAL
Questions and CORRECT Answers
Argument - CORRECT ANSWER - a series of statements offered in support of another
statement, linked through inference
Report of an argument - CORRECT ANSWER - A statement that says so-and-so argued in
a certain way
Explanation - CORRECT ANSWER - shows why or how something happened, when
there is no reason to doubt the truth of the conclusion
If the conclusion is presented as already true, then it's an: - CORRECT ANSWER -
Explanation
What kind of knowledge is already acceptable? - CORRECT ANSWER - Common
knowledge
acceptability is akin to - CORRECT ANSWER - provability
If we don't rely on a strict proof, - CORRECT ANSWER - there's a chance the truth-claim
may be false
Relevant premise - CORRECT ANSWER - makes is reasonable to accept the conclusion
Adequate premises - CORRECT ANSWER - provide enough rational support for the
conclusion
Begging the question - CORRECT ANSWER - premises presuppose the truth of its
conclusion; we have to accept the conclusion as true to accept the premises
, Equivocation - CORRECT ANSWER - using a term/phrase in two different ways in one
argument
Inconsistency - CORRECT ANSWER - a contradiction between two premises
Non sequitur - CORRECT ANSWER - "It does not follow"; derailing the conversation
Examples of non sequitur - CORRECT ANSWER - Appeals to threat, pity, popularity,
authority
What are the requirement for a valid appeal to authority? - CORRECT ANSWER - Must
be recognized by other experts, must align with consensus, must be related to field of expertise
ad hominem - CORRECT ANSWER - Substituting irrelevant personal information to
discredit the author; personal attack
Tu quoque - CORRECT ANSWER - Avoiding an accusation by accusing the interlocutor
of the critique
Straw man - CORRECT ANSWER - Misrepresenting and then attacking the
misrepresented position, rather than the original
When is an appeal to anecdotal evidence appropriate? - CORRECT ANSWER - When it's
a counterexample to a universal empirical claim
Appeals to ignorance - CORRECT ANSWER - something must be true because there's no
evidence that it's false
Slippery slope fallacy - CORRECT ANSWER - Chain distinct predictions together
Questions and CORRECT Answers
Argument - CORRECT ANSWER - a series of statements offered in support of another
statement, linked through inference
Report of an argument - CORRECT ANSWER - A statement that says so-and-so argued in
a certain way
Explanation - CORRECT ANSWER - shows why or how something happened, when
there is no reason to doubt the truth of the conclusion
If the conclusion is presented as already true, then it's an: - CORRECT ANSWER -
Explanation
What kind of knowledge is already acceptable? - CORRECT ANSWER - Common
knowledge
acceptability is akin to - CORRECT ANSWER - provability
If we don't rely on a strict proof, - CORRECT ANSWER - there's a chance the truth-claim
may be false
Relevant premise - CORRECT ANSWER - makes is reasonable to accept the conclusion
Adequate premises - CORRECT ANSWER - provide enough rational support for the
conclusion
Begging the question - CORRECT ANSWER - premises presuppose the truth of its
conclusion; we have to accept the conclusion as true to accept the premises
, Equivocation - CORRECT ANSWER - using a term/phrase in two different ways in one
argument
Inconsistency - CORRECT ANSWER - a contradiction between two premises
Non sequitur - CORRECT ANSWER - "It does not follow"; derailing the conversation
Examples of non sequitur - CORRECT ANSWER - Appeals to threat, pity, popularity,
authority
What are the requirement for a valid appeal to authority? - CORRECT ANSWER - Must
be recognized by other experts, must align with consensus, must be related to field of expertise
ad hominem - CORRECT ANSWER - Substituting irrelevant personal information to
discredit the author; personal attack
Tu quoque - CORRECT ANSWER - Avoiding an accusation by accusing the interlocutor
of the critique
Straw man - CORRECT ANSWER - Misrepresenting and then attacking the
misrepresented position, rather than the original
When is an appeal to anecdotal evidence appropriate? - CORRECT ANSWER - When it's
a counterexample to a universal empirical claim
Appeals to ignorance - CORRECT ANSWER - something must be true because there's no
evidence that it's false
Slippery slope fallacy - CORRECT ANSWER - Chain distinct predictions together
