1|Page
ECCO Final Exam 2025/ 2026|| Exam With Complete
Questions And Correct Answers| NEWEST UPDATE!!!!
What EKG finding will we see in ischemia? - ANSWER-ST
depression
T wave inversion
NSTEMI - ANSWER-non-ST elevation myocardial
infarction
-never a total occlusion, just ischemic (not enough blood)
STEMI - ANSWER-ST elevation MI, real-time ongoing
death of heart tissue due to ischemia
Presence of a q-wave means - ANSWER--first negative
deflection of the QRS
-implies old infarct - death of tissue
-unable to contract/depolarize the dead tissue
How to read EKG? - ANSWER-"I See All Leads"
-Inferior: II, III, AVF
-Septal: V1, V2
-Anterior: V1-V4
,2|Page
-Lateral: V5, V6, I, AVL
-Posterior: V1, V2 (ST depression, tall R wave)
*old test question: initial chest pain treatment does NOT
include - ANSWER-beta blockers
Why do we do 3 troponins? - ANSWER-We should see a
peak in the troponin level, and a "come down"
-it should tell us how old the infarct is
-If number keeps increasing, the MI is extending into more
of the heart
Math to calculate CO - ANSWER-HR x SV = CO
What is BNP? - ANSWER-B type natriuretic peptide. This
is secreted by the ventricular tissues in the heart when
ventricular volumes and pressure in the heart are
increased. Sensitive indicator
(heart is being stretched)
What is the normal PAOP (wedge pressure)? - ANSWER-
6-12
, 3|Page
What is the normal systolic and diastolic pressure for the
PA? - ANSWER-25/10
"quarters over dimes"
What does a PAOP (wedge pressure) look like in the R
atria, R ventricle, pulmonary artery and then when it's
wedged? - ANSWER-Look on phone for comparison
A wedge pressure is looking at - ANSWER-the left
ventricle
-it is looking "forward"
What is normal CVP? - ANSWER-2-6
High CVP - ANSWER-fluid volume overload
-R sided heart failure
CVP is a reflection of - ANSWER-pressure in the R atrium
-can measure with a PICC
What does CVP waveform look like? - ANSWER-looks like
curved mountains (look at phone)
ECCO Final Exam 2025/ 2026|| Exam With Complete
Questions And Correct Answers| NEWEST UPDATE!!!!
What EKG finding will we see in ischemia? - ANSWER-ST
depression
T wave inversion
NSTEMI - ANSWER-non-ST elevation myocardial
infarction
-never a total occlusion, just ischemic (not enough blood)
STEMI - ANSWER-ST elevation MI, real-time ongoing
death of heart tissue due to ischemia
Presence of a q-wave means - ANSWER--first negative
deflection of the QRS
-implies old infarct - death of tissue
-unable to contract/depolarize the dead tissue
How to read EKG? - ANSWER-"I See All Leads"
-Inferior: II, III, AVF
-Septal: V1, V2
-Anterior: V1-V4
,2|Page
-Lateral: V5, V6, I, AVL
-Posterior: V1, V2 (ST depression, tall R wave)
*old test question: initial chest pain treatment does NOT
include - ANSWER-beta blockers
Why do we do 3 troponins? - ANSWER-We should see a
peak in the troponin level, and a "come down"
-it should tell us how old the infarct is
-If number keeps increasing, the MI is extending into more
of the heart
Math to calculate CO - ANSWER-HR x SV = CO
What is BNP? - ANSWER-B type natriuretic peptide. This
is secreted by the ventricular tissues in the heart when
ventricular volumes and pressure in the heart are
increased. Sensitive indicator
(heart is being stretched)
What is the normal PAOP (wedge pressure)? - ANSWER-
6-12
, 3|Page
What is the normal systolic and diastolic pressure for the
PA? - ANSWER-25/10
"quarters over dimes"
What does a PAOP (wedge pressure) look like in the R
atria, R ventricle, pulmonary artery and then when it's
wedged? - ANSWER-Look on phone for comparison
A wedge pressure is looking at - ANSWER-the left
ventricle
-it is looking "forward"
What is normal CVP? - ANSWER-2-6
High CVP - ANSWER-fluid volume overload
-R sided heart failure
CVP is a reflection of - ANSWER-pressure in the R atrium
-can measure with a PICC
What does CVP waveform look like? - ANSWER-looks like
curved mountains (look at phone)
