BIO 1500 - Week 10
1. tips: represents the observed taxa(or genes) ; usually living species
2. branches: shows distance (length) to represent time between ancestors
3. root: node at the base of the tree, is the common ancestor of all organisms and the oldest point of the tree
4. nodes: branching/splitting points on the tree that represents typically extinct common ancestors
5. what is the most important aspect of a phylogenetic tree?: branching pattern
6. for phylogenetic trees, both orientation and branch shape are...: arbitrary
7. homology: similarity resulting from common ancestry
8. analogy: characteristics are similar due to convergence or parallel evolution
9. importance of phylogenetic trees: displays evolutionary history of organisms and allows us to
answer questions about evolution
10. trait: a genetically determine characteristic ; often encoded by one or more genes
1/3
, 11. allele: Different forms of a gene ; is encoded in the DNA, and is represented by a capital and lowercase letter
12. genotype: specific allele combination in an individual(EX: SS, Ss, ss)
13. phenotype: An organism's physical appearance, or visible traits ; phenotype = genotype + environment
14. test cross: the crossing of an individual of unknown genotype with a homozygous recessive individual to
determine the unknown genotype
15. incomplete dominance: Situation in which one allele is not completely dominant over another allele
(alleles "mix")
16. preformists: hypothesized that a baby was fully preformed in the egg/sperm, and that only one parent
contributes
17. blenders: hypothesized that traits in offspring are blended between parents like paint
18. discrete particles: Mendel's theory that information is inherited as discrete particles, and that each parent
provides one unit of information
19. why did Mendel use pea plants?: 1. short generation time
2/3
1. tips: represents the observed taxa(or genes) ; usually living species
2. branches: shows distance (length) to represent time between ancestors
3. root: node at the base of the tree, is the common ancestor of all organisms and the oldest point of the tree
4. nodes: branching/splitting points on the tree that represents typically extinct common ancestors
5. what is the most important aspect of a phylogenetic tree?: branching pattern
6. for phylogenetic trees, both orientation and branch shape are...: arbitrary
7. homology: similarity resulting from common ancestry
8. analogy: characteristics are similar due to convergence or parallel evolution
9. importance of phylogenetic trees: displays evolutionary history of organisms and allows us to
answer questions about evolution
10. trait: a genetically determine characteristic ; often encoded by one or more genes
1/3
, 11. allele: Different forms of a gene ; is encoded in the DNA, and is represented by a capital and lowercase letter
12. genotype: specific allele combination in an individual(EX: SS, Ss, ss)
13. phenotype: An organism's physical appearance, or visible traits ; phenotype = genotype + environment
14. test cross: the crossing of an individual of unknown genotype with a homozygous recessive individual to
determine the unknown genotype
15. incomplete dominance: Situation in which one allele is not completely dominant over another allele
(alleles "mix")
16. preformists: hypothesized that a baby was fully preformed in the egg/sperm, and that only one parent
contributes
17. blenders: hypothesized that traits in offspring are blended between parents like paint
18. discrete particles: Mendel's theory that information is inherited as discrete particles, and that each parent
provides one unit of information
19. why did Mendel use pea plants?: 1. short generation time
2/3
