ETHC-445 Principles of Ethics
2025/2026
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1. Understand the -Following rules or principles
steps to take -Making choices of one's own (developing moral reasoning)- Things can lead us
while progress- astray—money, power, people, ourselves. These same things test us, do we do
ing toward virtue. what is right when we are tested?
-Developing virtue
-Internalizing principles
-Reason working on the emotions
2. Understand ex- a. Just do what is virtuous and what's right even when you don't feel like it
amples we con- b. Moral exemplars (One who exhibits a significant amount of wisdom, One who
sidered of how to lives an overall good and virtuous life, One who exemplifies virtues in a clear way
become more vir- in key situations)
tuous, including c. Reasoning holds desires in check- assisted by self-control
how we can d. Study and learning
identify moral ex- e. Self-evaluation
emplars. f. Training, discipline, correction, and accountability
g. 3 kinds of people in wisdom literature (Fool: has discipline, Simpleton: easily
lead and influenced, Wise person: constantly engaged in training, thankful for
correction)
3. How do people abuse, violence, accusing, attacking, confrontational, no resolutions, losing friend-
respond to con- ships
flict with aggres-
sion, and how can
we avoid this?
4. How do people burying things, no resolution, people walk all over you, eventual outburst
respond to con-
flict by being pas-
sive, and how can
we avoid this?
2025/2026
, Chamberlain College- Exam Prep Questions and Answers
5. How can con- talking respectfully, patience, kindness
flicts and dis-
agreements be
handled in an as-
sertive way?
6. Understand the a. Human beings possess intrinsic moral value. If a fetus is a human, it has rights
personhood ar- to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.
gument. b. Human life begins at conception (pretty undisputable scientifically). If left, it
WILL grow and develop into a member of the species. So, what is the distinction
between a human being and a human person?
c. There is no morally or ontologically relevant break in the process of human
development from conception to adulthood
d. Functionality (continues personhood, interest in continued life) VS. Essentiality
(you can be a person without yet forming functionality)
e. CONCLUSION: It is wrong to destroy the life of a human being regardless of what
stage of development he or she is at, which includes fetuses.
7. Understand why 1. Birth—but there is no essential difference between the fetus just before and
someone might just after birth, it's a change in location
reject the ideas 2. Quickening, when the mother is aware of baby and feels it move—the ap-
that a human pearance of humanness, but the essence of a fetus or anyone doesn't depend on
life doesn't attain someone's awareness of it or appearances (if you're disfigured in an accident and
moral standing don't look like most humans, you're still a person)
until birth, viabil- 3. Viability, time you can first survive outside of the womb—but this varies and says
ity, the point of nothing about ones moral status. It's a commentary about technology
exhibiting brain 4. Brain activity, by analogy with brain death—but a dead brain is final and
activity, implan- irreversible, the start of a brain is temporary, and it will eventually develop to
tation, or sen- function
tience. 5. Implantation—a more important change of location, but again it has nothing
to do with a change in the nature of the unborn
6. Sentience, the time someone can first feel sensation (& therefore pain)—its less
2025/2026