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Samenvatting - Medische immunologie

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Samenvatting ppt's en cursus. 2de jaar BLMT

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Uploaded on
October 31, 2025
Number of pages
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Written in
2024/2025
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Medische Immunologie




1

, Medische Immunologie



Hoofdstuk 1: inleiding tot het immuunsysteem
- Ons immuunsysteem = verdedigingssysteem
- Zeer complex
- Bescherming tegen ziekteverwekkers, onderscheid maken tussen:
o Lichaamseigen  lichaamsvreemd = tolerantie = alles lichaamseigen negeren
o Gevaarlijk  ongevaarlijk = danger
▪ binnendringen m.o. → gevaar
▪ pollen → ongevaarlijk = allergie


1.1. Niet-specifieke of aangeboren immuunsysteem
1. Mechanische barrières:
- Huid + mucosa → deeltjes vangen in mucus; via hoesten, niezen, trilhaarbewegingen
verwijderd

2. Chemische componenten
- Lysozyme in lichaamsvochten (tranen, neussecreet, speeksel) = antibacterieel, breekt bact.
celwand
- Zure laag van huid (melkzuur en vetzuren door talgklieren) = antibacterieel
- Zuur maagsap = bacteriedodend

- Acute fase eiwitten = CRP = C-reactive proteïn
o Door lever bij ontstekingen + herkent moleculaire groepen op oppervlak schimmels
en bact.
o Door binden CRP op oppervlak → andere componenten immuunsysteem geactiveerd
om de pathogenen te vernietigen (opsonisatie)

- Complementsysteem = chem comp. Van niet-specifiek systeem
- Interferon (IFN) = EW geproduceerd door viraal geïnfecteerde cellen → beschermt naburige
cellen

3. Microbiologische componenten
- Commensale darmflora: beschermend tegen potentiële pathogenen

4. Cellulaire componenten
- Granulocyten en macrofagen: fagocyterende cellen
- Natural killer (NK) cellen: elimineren van viraal geïnfecteerde en/of getransformeerde cellen (=
kankercellen)




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