ISC3701 PORTFOLIO STUDY GUIDE 2026
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS AND ANSWERS || 100%
GUARANTEED PASS <RECENT VERSION>
Section 1: The South African Context and Educational Philosophy
1. What is the primary purpose of the South African National Curriculum
(CAPS)?
To provide a standard, national curriculum for all schools to ensure
consistency and high-quality education.
2. Which policy is the cornerstone of the South African government's
programme to redress the inequalities of apartheid education?
The National Qualifications Framework (NQF).
3. What does the principle of "social justice" in education advocate for?
Fair distribution of educational resources and opportunities to all
learners, regardless of background.
4. What is "Ubuntu" in the context of education?
A humanist philosophy emphasizing community, mutual responsibility,
and the idea that "I am because we are."
5. Which South African policy outlines the norms and standards for school
funding?
The South African Schools Act (SASA) of 1996.
6. What is the main goal of inclusive education in South Africa?
To acknowledge and address the diverse learning needs of all students
and eliminate barriers to learning.
7. What does the term "pedagogy" mean?
The method and practice of teaching.
8. What is a "constructivist" view of learning?
The belief that learners actively construct their own knowledge and
understanding through experiences and reflection.
, 9. Who is a key theorist associated with constructivism?
Lev Vygotsky (also Jean Piaget).
10.What is the "Zone of Proximal Development" (ZPD) according to
Vygotsky?
The difference between what a learner can do without help and what
they can achieve with guidance and encouragement from a skilled partner.
Section 2: Learning Theories
11.What is the central idea of behaviorism?
Learning is a change in observable behavior and is shaped by
interactions with the environment (stimulus-response).
12.Who is a key proponent of classical conditioning?
Ivan Pavlov.
13.What is "operant conditioning" and who developed it?
Learning through rewards (reinforcement) and punishments. Developed
by B.F. Skinner.
14.What is the difference between positive and negative reinforcement?
Positive reinforcement adds a desirable stimulus to increase a behavior.
Negative reinforcement removes an undesirable stimulus to increase a
behavior.
15.What does cognitivism focus on?
The internal mental processes of learning, like thinking, memory,
knowing, and problem-solving.
16.What is "schema" in cognitive theory?
A mental framework that helps organize and interpret information.
17.What is the main contribution of humanist theorists like Carl Rogers to
education?
Emphasizing the whole person, self-actualization, and creating a learner-
centered, non-threatening environment.
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS AND ANSWERS || 100%
GUARANTEED PASS <RECENT VERSION>
Section 1: The South African Context and Educational Philosophy
1. What is the primary purpose of the South African National Curriculum
(CAPS)?
To provide a standard, national curriculum for all schools to ensure
consistency and high-quality education.
2. Which policy is the cornerstone of the South African government's
programme to redress the inequalities of apartheid education?
The National Qualifications Framework (NQF).
3. What does the principle of "social justice" in education advocate for?
Fair distribution of educational resources and opportunities to all
learners, regardless of background.
4. What is "Ubuntu" in the context of education?
A humanist philosophy emphasizing community, mutual responsibility,
and the idea that "I am because we are."
5. Which South African policy outlines the norms and standards for school
funding?
The South African Schools Act (SASA) of 1996.
6. What is the main goal of inclusive education in South Africa?
To acknowledge and address the diverse learning needs of all students
and eliminate barriers to learning.
7. What does the term "pedagogy" mean?
The method and practice of teaching.
8. What is a "constructivist" view of learning?
The belief that learners actively construct their own knowledge and
understanding through experiences and reflection.
, 9. Who is a key theorist associated with constructivism?
Lev Vygotsky (also Jean Piaget).
10.What is the "Zone of Proximal Development" (ZPD) according to
Vygotsky?
The difference between what a learner can do without help and what
they can achieve with guidance and encouragement from a skilled partner.
Section 2: Learning Theories
11.What is the central idea of behaviorism?
Learning is a change in observable behavior and is shaped by
interactions with the environment (stimulus-response).
12.Who is a key proponent of classical conditioning?
Ivan Pavlov.
13.What is "operant conditioning" and who developed it?
Learning through rewards (reinforcement) and punishments. Developed
by B.F. Skinner.
14.What is the difference between positive and negative reinforcement?
Positive reinforcement adds a desirable stimulus to increase a behavior.
Negative reinforcement removes an undesirable stimulus to increase a
behavior.
15.What does cognitivism focus on?
The internal mental processes of learning, like thinking, memory,
knowing, and problem-solving.
16.What is "schema" in cognitive theory?
A mental framework that helps organize and interpret information.
17.What is the main contribution of humanist theorists like Carl Rogers to
education?
Emphasizing the whole person, self-actualization, and creating a learner-
centered, non-threatening environment.
