Plant Physiology Exam quiz and
answers graded A+
Define respiration. - ANS✅✅Respiration is the process by which plant cells oxidize (remove
electrons from) carbohydrates and eventually capture a portion of the released energy in the form
of ATP.
It can also be described as the complete oxidation of glucose to CO2 and H2O.
List the inputs and products of respiration. - ANS✅✅Inputs: Glucose, O2
Outputs: CO2, H2O, ATP
Summarize the importance of of respiration in plant growth and development. - ANS✅✅Plants
must carry out energetically expensive processes for their everyday functioning. They get their
energy from ATP. Respiration produces this ATP.
What are the three steps of respiration? - ANS✅✅Glycolysis, citric acid cycle, oxidative
phosphorylation
Compare and contrast the structures and plant functions of glucose and sucrose. For structures, you
should know the carbohydrate type (i.e., monosaccharide, disaccharide, polysaccharide. If
disaccharide or polysaccharide, know the base units). - ANS✅✅Glucose is a monosaccharide (a
carbon with a water added). It is a hexose (6-carbon) sugar. It exists in both ring and chain form. It is
the input for respiration. Two different ring structures exist: Alpha and beta.
Sucrose is a disaccharide, consisting of two sugar subunits covalently linked. It consists of glucose
and fructose linked together. It is the form in which sugar is transported through plants. Synthesis
requires consumption of energy and removal of H2O.
Describe the structural similarities and differences between starch and cellulose. For structures, you
should know the identity of the monosaccharide building block, as well as the ring form (alpha or
beta) of the monosaccharide building block. - ANS✅✅Both starch and cellulose are
polysaccharides, linked at the 1 and 4 carbons. However, starch consists of alpha glucose (rings),
while cellulose consists on beta glucose (also a ring).
, Describe the functional differences between starch & cellulose. - ANS✅✅Starch is primarily used
for energy storage - both short term (as in a leaf, ,or long term (as in potato).
Cellulose is primarily used for structural support (as in the case of cellulose microfibrils).
Summarize the roles of NADH and FADH2 in cellular respiration. - ANS✅✅Both donate electrons.
They do this by providing a hydrogen molecule to the oxygen molecule in the electron transport
chain. The hydrogen molecule is later used to produce ATP.
Indicate where (which of the three respiration processes) and how O2 is used in respiration. -
ANS✅✅Glycolysis takes place in the cytosol (cytoplasm).
The citric acid cycle takes place in the matrix of the mitochondrion.
Oxidative phosphorylation also takes place in the inner matrix of the mitochondrion.
The role of oxygen: Electrons go through the electron transport chain and end up on oxygen, which
creates water.
Glycolysis is the process in which:
One glucose molecule is converted to two, 3-carbon molecules. (This uses 2 ATP, and produces 4 ATP
and 2 NADH.)
After glycolysis (but before the citric acid cycle), each 3-carbon molecule is converted to Acetyl CoA.
(This produces 2 CO2 and 2 NADH.) This takes place in the matrix of the mitochondria.
The citric acid cycle takes place in the matrix of the mitochondria. Electrons from Acetyl CoA are put
onto NADH and FADH2. Each Acetyl CoA yields 1 ATP, 3 NADH, 1 FADH2, and 2CO2. Because there
are two Acetyl CoA's, that means that 2 ATP, 6 NADH, 2 FADH2, and 4 CO2 are produced in this part
of the process.
Oxidative phosphorylation relies on the electron transport chain, which is located in the inner matrix
of the mitochondrion. In oxidative phosphorylation, NADH and FADH2 deliver electrons to the
electron transport chain.
Electrons flow along the electron transport chain.
Electrons ultimately end on oxygen to produce water.
The passing of electrons between carriers creates energy (through redox reactions).
Energy from the passing of electrons is used to pump H+ gradients against the concentration
gradient (electrochemical gradient).
answers graded A+
Define respiration. - ANS✅✅Respiration is the process by which plant cells oxidize (remove
electrons from) carbohydrates and eventually capture a portion of the released energy in the form
of ATP.
It can also be described as the complete oxidation of glucose to CO2 and H2O.
List the inputs and products of respiration. - ANS✅✅Inputs: Glucose, O2
Outputs: CO2, H2O, ATP
Summarize the importance of of respiration in plant growth and development. - ANS✅✅Plants
must carry out energetically expensive processes for their everyday functioning. They get their
energy from ATP. Respiration produces this ATP.
What are the three steps of respiration? - ANS✅✅Glycolysis, citric acid cycle, oxidative
phosphorylation
Compare and contrast the structures and plant functions of glucose and sucrose. For structures, you
should know the carbohydrate type (i.e., monosaccharide, disaccharide, polysaccharide. If
disaccharide or polysaccharide, know the base units). - ANS✅✅Glucose is a monosaccharide (a
carbon with a water added). It is a hexose (6-carbon) sugar. It exists in both ring and chain form. It is
the input for respiration. Two different ring structures exist: Alpha and beta.
Sucrose is a disaccharide, consisting of two sugar subunits covalently linked. It consists of glucose
and fructose linked together. It is the form in which sugar is transported through plants. Synthesis
requires consumption of energy and removal of H2O.
Describe the structural similarities and differences between starch and cellulose. For structures, you
should know the identity of the monosaccharide building block, as well as the ring form (alpha or
beta) of the monosaccharide building block. - ANS✅✅Both starch and cellulose are
polysaccharides, linked at the 1 and 4 carbons. However, starch consists of alpha glucose (rings),
while cellulose consists on beta glucose (also a ring).
, Describe the functional differences between starch & cellulose. - ANS✅✅Starch is primarily used
for energy storage - both short term (as in a leaf, ,or long term (as in potato).
Cellulose is primarily used for structural support (as in the case of cellulose microfibrils).
Summarize the roles of NADH and FADH2 in cellular respiration. - ANS✅✅Both donate electrons.
They do this by providing a hydrogen molecule to the oxygen molecule in the electron transport
chain. The hydrogen molecule is later used to produce ATP.
Indicate where (which of the three respiration processes) and how O2 is used in respiration. -
ANS✅✅Glycolysis takes place in the cytosol (cytoplasm).
The citric acid cycle takes place in the matrix of the mitochondrion.
Oxidative phosphorylation also takes place in the inner matrix of the mitochondrion.
The role of oxygen: Electrons go through the electron transport chain and end up on oxygen, which
creates water.
Glycolysis is the process in which:
One glucose molecule is converted to two, 3-carbon molecules. (This uses 2 ATP, and produces 4 ATP
and 2 NADH.)
After glycolysis (but before the citric acid cycle), each 3-carbon molecule is converted to Acetyl CoA.
(This produces 2 CO2 and 2 NADH.) This takes place in the matrix of the mitochondria.
The citric acid cycle takes place in the matrix of the mitochondria. Electrons from Acetyl CoA are put
onto NADH and FADH2. Each Acetyl CoA yields 1 ATP, 3 NADH, 1 FADH2, and 2CO2. Because there
are two Acetyl CoA's, that means that 2 ATP, 6 NADH, 2 FADH2, and 4 CO2 are produced in this part
of the process.
Oxidative phosphorylation relies on the electron transport chain, which is located in the inner matrix
of the mitochondrion. In oxidative phosphorylation, NADH and FADH2 deliver electrons to the
electron transport chain.
Electrons flow along the electron transport chain.
Electrons ultimately end on oxygen to produce water.
The passing of electrons between carriers creates energy (through redox reactions).
Energy from the passing of electrons is used to pump H+ gradients against the concentration
gradient (electrochemical gradient).
