N618 EXAM 1
1) Types of prevention
a. Primary (possibly): As part of a community class, student nurses are developing
a class to teach expectant parents the importance of having their child properly
secured in a child safety seat. During the class, the students are going to have a
safety officer examine the car seats that the parents have installed in their
vehicles. This is an example of: Primary Prevention
b. Secondary: A multidisciplinary health care team operates a program aimed at
the prevention, identification, and treatment of diabetes on a large Indian
reservation. Which of the following aspects of the program would be most
likely to be classified as secondary prevention? Staffing a booth where
community residents who are attending a baseball tournament can have their
blood glucose levels checked.
c. Tertiary: An occupational therapist conducts a group therapy program called
MindWorks with older adults who have diagnoses of dementia and Alzheimer’s
disease. The goal of the group is to slow the cognitive decline of clients by
engaging them in regular, organized mental activity such as reading maps and
solving puzzles. How would the program most likely be characterized? Tertiary
Prevention.
2) Natural history of disease: probably: The natural history of a disease refers to the
progression and projected outcome of the disease without medical intervention.
a. Ex: hepatitis C; careful screening of blood donations and education of IV drug
users can be used to prevent transfer of the virus. Also, the development of
vaccines to prevent the spread of infectious diseases such as polio and
Hepatitis B have been motivated by knowledge about the natural history of
these diseases and lack of effective intervention measures. Early detection for
breast cancer by doing self-examinations and mammography increases the
chance for a cure.
b. Possibly: the progression of a disease process in an individual over time, in the
absence of treatment
c. Can help determine disease outcome
3) Cellular components and their function: During a discussion on cellular components
and their function, a student asked the instructor the purpose of messenger RNA
(mRNA). Of the following, which is the most accurate answer? Performs an active role
of protein synthesis, where mRNA molecules direct the assembly of proteins on
ribosomes to the cytoplasm.
4) Cell cycle: The nurse is teaching a group of colleagues about the cell division cycle as
background to oncology nursing. Which of the following statements is true of the cell
cycle? The two broad phases of the cell cycle are mitosis and synthesis.
5) Types of blood cells
a. Possibly: RBC, WBC, Platelets
1
, N618 EXAM 1
b. Following a course of measles, a 5yo girl developed scattering bruising over
numerous body surfaces and was diagnosed with immune thrombocytopenia
purpura (ITP). As part of her diagnostic workup, blood work was performed.
Which of the following results is most likely to be considered unexpected by
the health care team? Increased thrombopoietin levels.
c. A client with a diagnosis of hemolytic anemia has gone to a community-based
laboratory for follow-up blood work. The lab technician confirms with the
client that hematocrit is one of the components of blood work. The client
replies, “I thought the point of the blood work was to see how many red blood
cells I have today.” How could the technician best respond to the client’s
statement? “The hematocrit measures the mass that your red blood cells
account for in a quantity of your blood”.
6) Cellular injury sequela: possibly: Which of the following statements most accurately
conveys an aspect of cell injury due to impaired calcium homeostasis? Inured cells
tend to accumulate calcium.
a. Sequence of events that occurs when stresses exceed ability of cells to adapt.
Responses are initially reversible but may progress to irreversible injury and
cell death.
b. Apoptosis controls tissue regeneration.
c. Cellular injury is caused by hypoxia and ATP depletion, disruption of
intracellular Ca+, free radical formation.
d. HYPOXIA- is the most important cause of cell injury.
i. Endogenous causes of cellular injury: hypoxia, immunologic rxn, genetic
defects, aging
ii. Exogenous causes of cellular injury: trauma, hot/cold, radiation,
chemical/drugs, bacteria/viruses, nutritional imbalances.
e. Cell injury occurs when stress exceeds the cell’s adaptive ability.
f. APOPTOSIS & NECROSIS
7) Infants and respiratory illnesses and ventilators: possibly: Preterm babies who are
ventilated for long periods of time because of their prematurity and lack of surfactant,
and term babies who require intubation and ventilation oxygen in the 1st month of
life, often develop bronchopulmonary dysplasia.
a. Head injury can cause respiratory acidosis- treatment is with ventilation to
induce respiratory alkalosis.
8) Chromosomes in fetuses: A man and woman are eager to determine the sex of their
unborn child and have asked the nurse at the fertility clinic how this is possible at an
early stage of in vitro development. Which of the nurse’s responses best captures the
genetic rationale for early sex identification through tissue samples? The inactive X
chromosome can be visible in a female.”
a. Males (X mom Y dad), Females (X mom X dad)
2
1) Types of prevention
a. Primary (possibly): As part of a community class, student nurses are developing
a class to teach expectant parents the importance of having their child properly
secured in a child safety seat. During the class, the students are going to have a
safety officer examine the car seats that the parents have installed in their
vehicles. This is an example of: Primary Prevention
b. Secondary: A multidisciplinary health care team operates a program aimed at
the prevention, identification, and treatment of diabetes on a large Indian
reservation. Which of the following aspects of the program would be most
likely to be classified as secondary prevention? Staffing a booth where
community residents who are attending a baseball tournament can have their
blood glucose levels checked.
c. Tertiary: An occupational therapist conducts a group therapy program called
MindWorks with older adults who have diagnoses of dementia and Alzheimer’s
disease. The goal of the group is to slow the cognitive decline of clients by
engaging them in regular, organized mental activity such as reading maps and
solving puzzles. How would the program most likely be characterized? Tertiary
Prevention.
2) Natural history of disease: probably: The natural history of a disease refers to the
progression and projected outcome of the disease without medical intervention.
a. Ex: hepatitis C; careful screening of blood donations and education of IV drug
users can be used to prevent transfer of the virus. Also, the development of
vaccines to prevent the spread of infectious diseases such as polio and
Hepatitis B have been motivated by knowledge about the natural history of
these diseases and lack of effective intervention measures. Early detection for
breast cancer by doing self-examinations and mammography increases the
chance for a cure.
b. Possibly: the progression of a disease process in an individual over time, in the
absence of treatment
c. Can help determine disease outcome
3) Cellular components and their function: During a discussion on cellular components
and their function, a student asked the instructor the purpose of messenger RNA
(mRNA). Of the following, which is the most accurate answer? Performs an active role
of protein synthesis, where mRNA molecules direct the assembly of proteins on
ribosomes to the cytoplasm.
4) Cell cycle: The nurse is teaching a group of colleagues about the cell division cycle as
background to oncology nursing. Which of the following statements is true of the cell
cycle? The two broad phases of the cell cycle are mitosis and synthesis.
5) Types of blood cells
a. Possibly: RBC, WBC, Platelets
1
, N618 EXAM 1
b. Following a course of measles, a 5yo girl developed scattering bruising over
numerous body surfaces and was diagnosed with immune thrombocytopenia
purpura (ITP). As part of her diagnostic workup, blood work was performed.
Which of the following results is most likely to be considered unexpected by
the health care team? Increased thrombopoietin levels.
c. A client with a diagnosis of hemolytic anemia has gone to a community-based
laboratory for follow-up blood work. The lab technician confirms with the
client that hematocrit is one of the components of blood work. The client
replies, “I thought the point of the blood work was to see how many red blood
cells I have today.” How could the technician best respond to the client’s
statement? “The hematocrit measures the mass that your red blood cells
account for in a quantity of your blood”.
6) Cellular injury sequela: possibly: Which of the following statements most accurately
conveys an aspect of cell injury due to impaired calcium homeostasis? Inured cells
tend to accumulate calcium.
a. Sequence of events that occurs when stresses exceed ability of cells to adapt.
Responses are initially reversible but may progress to irreversible injury and
cell death.
b. Apoptosis controls tissue regeneration.
c. Cellular injury is caused by hypoxia and ATP depletion, disruption of
intracellular Ca+, free radical formation.
d. HYPOXIA- is the most important cause of cell injury.
i. Endogenous causes of cellular injury: hypoxia, immunologic rxn, genetic
defects, aging
ii. Exogenous causes of cellular injury: trauma, hot/cold, radiation,
chemical/drugs, bacteria/viruses, nutritional imbalances.
e. Cell injury occurs when stress exceeds the cell’s adaptive ability.
f. APOPTOSIS & NECROSIS
7) Infants and respiratory illnesses and ventilators: possibly: Preterm babies who are
ventilated for long periods of time because of their prematurity and lack of surfactant,
and term babies who require intubation and ventilation oxygen in the 1st month of
life, often develop bronchopulmonary dysplasia.
a. Head injury can cause respiratory acidosis- treatment is with ventilation to
induce respiratory alkalosis.
8) Chromosomes in fetuses: A man and woman are eager to determine the sex of their
unborn child and have asked the nurse at the fertility clinic how this is possible at an
early stage of in vitro development. Which of the nurse’s responses best captures the
genetic rationale for early sex identification through tissue samples? The inactive X
chromosome can be visible in a female.”
a. Males (X mom Y dad), Females (X mom X dad)
2
