PSYC-140 Final Exam 2026 Questions
and Answers
longitudinal study design - Correct answer-following individuals over a long
period of time with multiple assessment points
cross-sectional study - Correct answer-comparing different age groups at the same
time
naturalistic observation - Correct answer-research method in which one observes a
subject outside of a research setting
case study - Correct answer-research method involving a direct observation of a
patient; interviewing in great detail
study/interview - Correct answer-research method in which surveys administered
anonymously or asked in and interview format in-person
correlational research - Correct answer-research method of seeing how two
variables relate; looking at strength and direction of relationship
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,experiments - Correct answer-research method in which you tightly control the
variables, setting, and participants which manipulating one factor believed to have
influence.
Hawthorne effect - Correct answer-A change in a subject's behavior caused simply
by the awareness of being studied
What are the five research methods discussed in this module? - Correct answer--
naturalistic observation
- case study
- study/interview
- correlational research
- experiments
three types of prenatal diagnostic tests - Correct answer-ultrasound, amniocentesis,
and chorionic villus sampling (CVA)
ultrasound - Correct answer-prenatal diagnostic technique that uses high frequency
sounds to create an image of the baby
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,amniocentesis - Correct answer-Prenatal diagnostic technique involving needle
puncture of the amniotic sac to withdraw amniotic fluid for analysis; looks for
chromosomal and genetic abnormalities
chorionic villus sampling (CVS) - Correct answer-Prenatal diagnostic technique in
which a small sample of the fetal portion of the placenta is removed for analysis to
detect certain genetic and congenital defects in the fetus.
what are the three types of genetic-environment interactions? - Correct answer-
passive, evocative, and active
passive genotype-environment interaction - Correct answer-parents provide genetic
disposition and nurturing context to foster certain qualities
evocative genotype-environment interaction - Correct answer-parents provide
genetic predisposition for a child to evoke certain reactions in others that will
influence their development
active genotype-environment interaction - Correct answer-parents provide genetic
predisposition that results in a child actively seeking out environmental conditions
that foster development of certain qualities
three periods of neonatal development - Correct answer-germinal, embryonic, and
fetal
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, germinal period - Correct answer-week 0-2
zygote created, attaches to uterus wall
embryonic period - Correct answer-week 2-8
layers of cells form that later develop into organs and systems
fetal period - Correct answer-month 2-9
major growth and development
teratogens - Correct answer-agents that interfere with natural growth and produce a
birth defect
which three variables determine a teratogen's effect? - Correct answer-- gestational
age
- amount of teratogen
- susceptibility
When does organogenesis begin? - Correct answer-Around week 3 through week 8
why is stress a teratogen? - Correct answer-stress causes blood to be directed away
from fetus and towards mother's brain, limbs, heart. Cortisol can cross placenta and
increase fetal HR
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and Answers
longitudinal study design - Correct answer-following individuals over a long
period of time with multiple assessment points
cross-sectional study - Correct answer-comparing different age groups at the same
time
naturalistic observation - Correct answer-research method in which one observes a
subject outside of a research setting
case study - Correct answer-research method involving a direct observation of a
patient; interviewing in great detail
study/interview - Correct answer-research method in which surveys administered
anonymously or asked in and interview format in-person
correlational research - Correct answer-research method of seeing how two
variables relate; looking at strength and direction of relationship
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1
,experiments - Correct answer-research method in which you tightly control the
variables, setting, and participants which manipulating one factor believed to have
influence.
Hawthorne effect - Correct answer-A change in a subject's behavior caused simply
by the awareness of being studied
What are the five research methods discussed in this module? - Correct answer--
naturalistic observation
- case study
- study/interview
- correlational research
- experiments
three types of prenatal diagnostic tests - Correct answer-ultrasound, amniocentesis,
and chorionic villus sampling (CVA)
ultrasound - Correct answer-prenatal diagnostic technique that uses high frequency
sounds to create an image of the baby
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2
,amniocentesis - Correct answer-Prenatal diagnostic technique involving needle
puncture of the amniotic sac to withdraw amniotic fluid for analysis; looks for
chromosomal and genetic abnormalities
chorionic villus sampling (CVS) - Correct answer-Prenatal diagnostic technique in
which a small sample of the fetal portion of the placenta is removed for analysis to
detect certain genetic and congenital defects in the fetus.
what are the three types of genetic-environment interactions? - Correct answer-
passive, evocative, and active
passive genotype-environment interaction - Correct answer-parents provide genetic
disposition and nurturing context to foster certain qualities
evocative genotype-environment interaction - Correct answer-parents provide
genetic predisposition for a child to evoke certain reactions in others that will
influence their development
active genotype-environment interaction - Correct answer-parents provide genetic
predisposition that results in a child actively seeking out environmental conditions
that foster development of certain qualities
three periods of neonatal development - Correct answer-germinal, embryonic, and
fetal
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 3
, germinal period - Correct answer-week 0-2
zygote created, attaches to uterus wall
embryonic period - Correct answer-week 2-8
layers of cells form that later develop into organs and systems
fetal period - Correct answer-month 2-9
major growth and development
teratogens - Correct answer-agents that interfere with natural growth and produce a
birth defect
which three variables determine a teratogen's effect? - Correct answer-- gestational
age
- amount of teratogen
- susceptibility
When does organogenesis begin? - Correct answer-Around week 3 through week 8
why is stress a teratogen? - Correct answer-stress causes blood to be directed away
from fetus and towards mother's brain, limbs, heart. Cortisol can cross placenta and
increase fetal HR
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 4
