ESTUDYR
D312 A&P 1 WITH LAB - STUDY GUIDE SECTION 3 - SKELETAL SYSTEM MOST
TESTED QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS GRADED A+ WITH RATIONALES
What are osteogenic (osteoprogenitor) cells?
A. Mature bone-resorbing cells
B. Undifferentiated mesenchymal stem cells that divide and give rise to osteoblasts ✔
C. Dead bone cells in lacunae
D. Cells that form cartilage only
E. Blood cells in marrow
Rationale: Osteogenic cells are mitotically active stem cells found in periosteum and canals and
produce osteoblasts.
What is the primary function of osteoblasts?
A. Resorb bone matrix
B. Form cartilage only
C. Produce bone matrix and initiate bone formation ✔
D. Maintain marrow fat
E. Transport oxygen
Rationale: Osteoblasts synthesize osteoid and promote mineralization during bone growth and
remodeling.
Which statement best describes osteocytes?
A. Multinucleated bone-degrading cells
B. Mature bone cells derived from osteoblasts, embedded within bone matrix ✔
C. Stem cells in periosteum
D. Cartilage progenitors only
E. Blood vessel cells
Rationale: Osteocytes reside in lacunae and maintain bone tissue and mechanosensation.
What are osteoclasts?
A. Single-nucleus bone-forming cells
B. Collagen-secreting fibroblasts
C. Large, multinucleated cells derived from monocytes that resorb bone ✔
D. Nerve cells within bone
E. Chondrocytes in cartilage
Rationale: Osteoclasts dissolve mineral and matrix during growth and remodeling.
Which best describes compact bone?
A. Spongy lattice with many spaces
, ESTUDYR
B. Dense, strong bone with few spaces forming the outer layer of bones ✔
C. Cartilaginous precursors only
D. Fatty marrow region
E. A bone tumor type
Rationale: Compact (cortical) bone provides strength and resists compressive forces.
What characterizes spongy (cancellous) bone?
A. Denser than compact bone
B. A light, porous network of trabeculae with spaces often containing marrow ✔
C. Only found in diaphyses
D. Composed entirely of cartilage
E. Non-vascular tissue
Rationale: Spongy bone reduces weight and houses marrow in trabecular spaces.
Cartilage is best defined as:
A. Mineralized bone matrix
B. A resilient connective tissue with collagen/elastic fibers and a gel-like matrix ✔
C. A vascularized bone marrow tissue
D. An epithelial layer
E. Nerve tissue
Rationale: Cartilage provides flexible support and shock absorption without blood vessels.
What is ossification?
A. Conversion of bone to cartilage
B. Process of forming bone (bone tissue formation/mineralization) ✔
C. Fat accumulation in marrow
D. Growth of hair from follicles
E. Degradation of collagen
Rationale: Ossification (osteogenesis) forms bone during development and repair.
Mesenchymal cells are:
A. Mature osteocytes only
B. Embryonic connective tissue cells that give rise to many connective tissues including bone
✔
C. Red blood cells precursors only
D. Cartilage enzymes
E. Nervous stem cells
Rationale: Mesenchymal stem cells differentiate into osteoblasts, chondroblasts, fibroblasts,
etc.
D312 A&P 1 WITH LAB - STUDY GUIDE SECTION 3 - SKELETAL SYSTEM MOST
TESTED QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS GRADED A+ WITH RATIONALES
What are osteogenic (osteoprogenitor) cells?
A. Mature bone-resorbing cells
B. Undifferentiated mesenchymal stem cells that divide and give rise to osteoblasts ✔
C. Dead bone cells in lacunae
D. Cells that form cartilage only
E. Blood cells in marrow
Rationale: Osteogenic cells are mitotically active stem cells found in periosteum and canals and
produce osteoblasts.
What is the primary function of osteoblasts?
A. Resorb bone matrix
B. Form cartilage only
C. Produce bone matrix and initiate bone formation ✔
D. Maintain marrow fat
E. Transport oxygen
Rationale: Osteoblasts synthesize osteoid and promote mineralization during bone growth and
remodeling.
Which statement best describes osteocytes?
A. Multinucleated bone-degrading cells
B. Mature bone cells derived from osteoblasts, embedded within bone matrix ✔
C. Stem cells in periosteum
D. Cartilage progenitors only
E. Blood vessel cells
Rationale: Osteocytes reside in lacunae and maintain bone tissue and mechanosensation.
What are osteoclasts?
A. Single-nucleus bone-forming cells
B. Collagen-secreting fibroblasts
C. Large, multinucleated cells derived from monocytes that resorb bone ✔
D. Nerve cells within bone
E. Chondrocytes in cartilage
Rationale: Osteoclasts dissolve mineral and matrix during growth and remodeling.
Which best describes compact bone?
A. Spongy lattice with many spaces
, ESTUDYR
B. Dense, strong bone with few spaces forming the outer layer of bones ✔
C. Cartilaginous precursors only
D. Fatty marrow region
E. A bone tumor type
Rationale: Compact (cortical) bone provides strength and resists compressive forces.
What characterizes spongy (cancellous) bone?
A. Denser than compact bone
B. A light, porous network of trabeculae with spaces often containing marrow ✔
C. Only found in diaphyses
D. Composed entirely of cartilage
E. Non-vascular tissue
Rationale: Spongy bone reduces weight and houses marrow in trabecular spaces.
Cartilage is best defined as:
A. Mineralized bone matrix
B. A resilient connective tissue with collagen/elastic fibers and a gel-like matrix ✔
C. A vascularized bone marrow tissue
D. An epithelial layer
E. Nerve tissue
Rationale: Cartilage provides flexible support and shock absorption without blood vessels.
What is ossification?
A. Conversion of bone to cartilage
B. Process of forming bone (bone tissue formation/mineralization) ✔
C. Fat accumulation in marrow
D. Growth of hair from follicles
E. Degradation of collagen
Rationale: Ossification (osteogenesis) forms bone during development and repair.
Mesenchymal cells are:
A. Mature osteocytes only
B. Embryonic connective tissue cells that give rise to many connective tissues including bone
✔
C. Red blood cells precursors only
D. Cartilage enzymes
E. Nervous stem cells
Rationale: Mesenchymal stem cells differentiate into osteoblasts, chondroblasts, fibroblasts,
etc.
