N120 Chapter 22 EAQ Exam | Nursing
Fundamentals and Pharmacology
Review|| GRADED A+|| LATEST UPDATE
2025/26
Upon request of an ophthalmic checkup, which location would the nurse place the
patient when performing a visual acuity assessment using the Snellen chart?
A) 6 feet away
B) 20 feet away
C) 24 feet away
D) 30 feet away -CORRECTANSWER B) 20 feet away
Rationale: The distance to be maintained between the patient and the Snellen chart is
20 feet (6 meters). This chart is used to check visual acuity. Any distance closer or
further will not provide an accurate assessment.
Which assessment finding would the nurse expect to identify in a patient who has ptosis
secondary to myasthenia gravis?
A) Redness and swelling of the conjunctiva
B) Drooping of the upper lid margin in one or both eyes
C) Redness, swelling, and crusting along the lid margin
D) Small, superficial white nodules along the lid margin -CORRECTANSWER B)
Drooping of the upper lid margin in one or both eyes
Rationale: Ptosis is the drooping of the upper lid margin and can be unilateral or
bilateral. It can be caused by mechanical issues (eyelid tumor, excess skin) or
myogenic causes like myasthenia gravis. It is not associated with redness, swelling, or
nodules.
When reviewing refractive errors of the eye, which statement would the nurse identify as
correct?
A) Presbyopia occurs when the eyeball elongates.
B) Astigmatism is caused by an irregular corneal curvature.
C) Myopia is an inability to accommodate for near objects.
D) Hyperopia is an inability to accommodate for objects at a distance. -
CORRECTANSWER B) Astigmatism is caused by an irregular corneal curvature
Rationale: Astigmatism results from an uneven or irregular curvature of the cornea.
Presbyopia is the loss of accommodation due to aging. Myopia (nearsightedness)
affects distance vision, while hyperopia (farsightedness) affects near vision.
Which diagnostic study is used to assess the size and structure of the eye?
,A) Refractometry
B) Amsler grid test
C) Ultrasonography
D) Fluorescein angiography -CORRECTANSWER C) Ultrasonography
Rationale: Ultrasonography assesses the size and structure of the eye. Refractometry
measures refractive error. The Amsler grid test monitors macular problems, and
fluorescein angiography provides information on blood flow through retinal vessels.
With which age group would the nurse associate the development of presbyopia
because the eye loses flexibility and is unable to accommodate close vision?
A) Adolescents and young adults
B) Men and women older than 40
C) Men between the ages of 30 and 50
D) Women between the ages of 20 and 40 -CORRECTANSWER B) Men and women
older than 40
Rationale: Presbyopia is an age-related change that generally occurs in men and
women older than 40. Adolescents and young adults are not affected, and it does not
exclusively impact one gender.
Which condition is caused by a refractive error within the eye?
A) Myopia
B) Cataract
C) Glaucoma
D) Conjunctivitis -CORRECTANSWER A) Myopia
Rationale: Myopia (nearsightedness) is a refractive error where close objects appear
clear, but distant objects appear blurred. Cataracts, glaucoma, and conjunctivitis are
visual impairments or infections, not refractive errors.
The nurse teaches that which part of the eye becomes inflamed for the patient who
develops keratitis?
A) Sclera
B) Cornea
C) Conjunctiva
D) Eyelid margins -CORRECTANSWER B) Cornea
Rationale: Keratitis is an infection or inflammation of the cornea. The sclera,
conjunctiva, and eyelid margins are not affected in keratitis.
The sclera of an older African American adult patient's eyes has a slightly yellowish cast
with small blood vessels visible along the edges of the conjunctiva. Which conclusion
would the nurse document from the assessment findings?
A) The assessment findings are within the normal range.
B) The patient should have serum coagulation tests done.
C) A history of uncontrolled hypertension is evident.
D) A serum liver function test is needed to determine hepatic function. -
CORRECTANSWER A) The assessment findings are within the normal range
, Rationale: A slight yellowish cast of the sclera can be normal in dark-skinned
individuals, such as African Americans and Native Americans, due to lipid deposition.
This is not indicative of liver dysfunction, hypertension, or coagulation issues.
When a patient describes central vision loss, for which test would the nurse provide
instructions so macular function changes may be identified?
A) Amsler grid test
B) B-scan ultrasonography
C) Fluorescein angiography
D) Tonometry -CORRECTANSWER A) Amsler grid test
Rationale: The Amsler grid test is used to monitor macular degeneration, which is
associated with central vision loss. B-scan ultrasonography diagnoses intraocular
pathologies, fluorescein angiography evaluates retinal blood flow, and tonometry
measures intraocular pressure.
When assessing a patient for esotropia, which finding is clinically significant?
A) Eye deviating in
B) Eye deviating up
C) Eye deviating out
D) Eye deviating down -CORRECTANSWER A) Eye deviating in
Rationale: Strabismus is a condition in which the eyes cannot consistently focus on the
same object. Esotropia is when one eye deviates inward, while hypertropia, exotropia,
and hypotropia describe upward, outward, and downward deviations, respectively.
Which causative agent is responsible for an external hordeolum on a patient's right eye?
A) Virus
B) Fungus
C) Bacteria
D) Helminth -CORRECTANSWER C) Bacteria
Rationale: An external hordeolum (sty) is an infection of the meibomian glands in the lid
margin. The most common bacterial infective agent is Staphylococcus aureus. A sty is
not caused by a virus, fungus, or helminth.
Which factor is associated with an increased risk of retinal detachment?
A) Age
B) Obesity
C) Smoking
D) Hypertension -CORRECTANSWER A) Age
Rationale: Retinal detachment occurs due to the separation of the sensory retina and
the underlying pigment epithelium, with fluid accumulating between the two layers. Age
is a major risk factor, while obesity, smoking, and hypertension are not direct causes.
Which topic of information will the nurse include when providing teaching to a parent of
a child with strabismus?
A) Pain
B) Focus
Fundamentals and Pharmacology
Review|| GRADED A+|| LATEST UPDATE
2025/26
Upon request of an ophthalmic checkup, which location would the nurse place the
patient when performing a visual acuity assessment using the Snellen chart?
A) 6 feet away
B) 20 feet away
C) 24 feet away
D) 30 feet away -CORRECTANSWER B) 20 feet away
Rationale: The distance to be maintained between the patient and the Snellen chart is
20 feet (6 meters). This chart is used to check visual acuity. Any distance closer or
further will not provide an accurate assessment.
Which assessment finding would the nurse expect to identify in a patient who has ptosis
secondary to myasthenia gravis?
A) Redness and swelling of the conjunctiva
B) Drooping of the upper lid margin in one or both eyes
C) Redness, swelling, and crusting along the lid margin
D) Small, superficial white nodules along the lid margin -CORRECTANSWER B)
Drooping of the upper lid margin in one or both eyes
Rationale: Ptosis is the drooping of the upper lid margin and can be unilateral or
bilateral. It can be caused by mechanical issues (eyelid tumor, excess skin) or
myogenic causes like myasthenia gravis. It is not associated with redness, swelling, or
nodules.
When reviewing refractive errors of the eye, which statement would the nurse identify as
correct?
A) Presbyopia occurs when the eyeball elongates.
B) Astigmatism is caused by an irregular corneal curvature.
C) Myopia is an inability to accommodate for near objects.
D) Hyperopia is an inability to accommodate for objects at a distance. -
CORRECTANSWER B) Astigmatism is caused by an irregular corneal curvature
Rationale: Astigmatism results from an uneven or irregular curvature of the cornea.
Presbyopia is the loss of accommodation due to aging. Myopia (nearsightedness)
affects distance vision, while hyperopia (farsightedness) affects near vision.
Which diagnostic study is used to assess the size and structure of the eye?
,A) Refractometry
B) Amsler grid test
C) Ultrasonography
D) Fluorescein angiography -CORRECTANSWER C) Ultrasonography
Rationale: Ultrasonography assesses the size and structure of the eye. Refractometry
measures refractive error. The Amsler grid test monitors macular problems, and
fluorescein angiography provides information on blood flow through retinal vessels.
With which age group would the nurse associate the development of presbyopia
because the eye loses flexibility and is unable to accommodate close vision?
A) Adolescents and young adults
B) Men and women older than 40
C) Men between the ages of 30 and 50
D) Women between the ages of 20 and 40 -CORRECTANSWER B) Men and women
older than 40
Rationale: Presbyopia is an age-related change that generally occurs in men and
women older than 40. Adolescents and young adults are not affected, and it does not
exclusively impact one gender.
Which condition is caused by a refractive error within the eye?
A) Myopia
B) Cataract
C) Glaucoma
D) Conjunctivitis -CORRECTANSWER A) Myopia
Rationale: Myopia (nearsightedness) is a refractive error where close objects appear
clear, but distant objects appear blurred. Cataracts, glaucoma, and conjunctivitis are
visual impairments or infections, not refractive errors.
The nurse teaches that which part of the eye becomes inflamed for the patient who
develops keratitis?
A) Sclera
B) Cornea
C) Conjunctiva
D) Eyelid margins -CORRECTANSWER B) Cornea
Rationale: Keratitis is an infection or inflammation of the cornea. The sclera,
conjunctiva, and eyelid margins are not affected in keratitis.
The sclera of an older African American adult patient's eyes has a slightly yellowish cast
with small blood vessels visible along the edges of the conjunctiva. Which conclusion
would the nurse document from the assessment findings?
A) The assessment findings are within the normal range.
B) The patient should have serum coagulation tests done.
C) A history of uncontrolled hypertension is evident.
D) A serum liver function test is needed to determine hepatic function. -
CORRECTANSWER A) The assessment findings are within the normal range
, Rationale: A slight yellowish cast of the sclera can be normal in dark-skinned
individuals, such as African Americans and Native Americans, due to lipid deposition.
This is not indicative of liver dysfunction, hypertension, or coagulation issues.
When a patient describes central vision loss, for which test would the nurse provide
instructions so macular function changes may be identified?
A) Amsler grid test
B) B-scan ultrasonography
C) Fluorescein angiography
D) Tonometry -CORRECTANSWER A) Amsler grid test
Rationale: The Amsler grid test is used to monitor macular degeneration, which is
associated with central vision loss. B-scan ultrasonography diagnoses intraocular
pathologies, fluorescein angiography evaluates retinal blood flow, and tonometry
measures intraocular pressure.
When assessing a patient for esotropia, which finding is clinically significant?
A) Eye deviating in
B) Eye deviating up
C) Eye deviating out
D) Eye deviating down -CORRECTANSWER A) Eye deviating in
Rationale: Strabismus is a condition in which the eyes cannot consistently focus on the
same object. Esotropia is when one eye deviates inward, while hypertropia, exotropia,
and hypotropia describe upward, outward, and downward deviations, respectively.
Which causative agent is responsible for an external hordeolum on a patient's right eye?
A) Virus
B) Fungus
C) Bacteria
D) Helminth -CORRECTANSWER C) Bacteria
Rationale: An external hordeolum (sty) is an infection of the meibomian glands in the lid
margin. The most common bacterial infective agent is Staphylococcus aureus. A sty is
not caused by a virus, fungus, or helminth.
Which factor is associated with an increased risk of retinal detachment?
A) Age
B) Obesity
C) Smoking
D) Hypertension -CORRECTANSWER A) Age
Rationale: Retinal detachment occurs due to the separation of the sensory retina and
the underlying pigment epithelium, with fluid accumulating between the two layers. Age
is a major risk factor, while obesity, smoking, and hypertension are not direct causes.
Which topic of information will the nurse include when providing teaching to a parent of
a child with strabismus?
A) Pain
B) Focus
