Test Questions All Solved Correct
2025-2026 Updated.
Christianity - Answer -foundations lay in a direct confrontation with Roman imperial rule: the
trial of Jesus
-arose in Judea
-took shape in a richly pluralistic world
-found guilty of sedition and sentenced to crucifixion
-Paul of Tarsus wrote of Jesus as "the Anointed One"
-preached about Jesus to communities that also adopted the name for Jesus
-only decades later did letters written by the people who had heard the word of Jesus from Paul
become known as the Gospels
-appeal to diverse populations
-adaptability as they move from one cultural and geographical area to another
-promotion of universal rules and principles to guide behavior that transcended place, time, and
specific cultural practices
-their proselytizing of new believers by energetic and charismatic missionaries
-the deep sense of community felt by their converts despite their many demands on followers
-support given to them by powerful empires (as in the case of Christianity and in a lesser sense,
Buddhism) - Answer name the 6 main features of universalizing religions
Roman - Answer -by the fourth century, this empire was hardly the political and military power
house it had been 300 years prior
-looked to the new faith of Christianity to maintain continuity with the past, eventually founding
a central church to rule the remnants of the empire
-had distinctive east and west
-people changed the way they viewed their existence
-believing implied that an important other world loomed beyond the world of physical matter
-feeling contact with that other world gave followers a sense of worth
-martyrs such as Perpetua offered a powerful religious message that balanced heavenly visions
,Eastern - Answer Do the following characteristics describe describe the Eastern or Western
half of the Roman Empire?
-higher population
-more wealth, lots of trade
-older cities
-more cultural prestige
-Greek-speaking
Western - Answer Do the following characteristics describe describe the Eastern or Western
half of the Roman Empire?
-less wealth and trade
-less cultural prestige
-fewer and newer cities
-Latin-speaking
Constantine - Answer What ruler is described below?
-belonged to a class of professional soldiers
-his troops proclaimed him emperor after the death of his father
-looked for signs from the gods in the civil war that followed
-won decisive battle for Rome, fought on a strategic bridge of land
-showered imperial favor in his one-persecuted faith
-legalized Christianity and praised the work of Christian bishops and granting them significant
tax exemptions
Nicene Creed - Answer -resulted from Constantine summoning all bishops of Nicaea for a
counsel to develop a statement of belief
-balanced three separate divine entities- God "the father", "the son," and the "holy spirit"
-bishops also agreed to hold Easter
Goths - Answer -part of the fall of the Western Roman Empire
-Valens encouraged the entrance of these people into Roman territory after receiving a petition
to let them immigrate to the empire
, -settled in Gaul
-practiced a "heretical" version of Christianity
Huns - Answer -common enemy of Romans and non-Romans
-led by Attila, posed a huge threat to both Romans and Germanic peoples (like the Goths)
-regularly plundered the scattered villages and open fields in the plains north of the Danube
-Attila seized notion of the "mandate of heaven"
-he extracted thousands of pounds of gold coins in tribute from the Roman emperors who
hoped to stave off assaults
-this drained Roman Empire economically and militarily
-Roman Empire in the West had fallen 20 years after Attila's death
Byzantium - Answer -the new Roman Empire
-had its own "New Rome" in Constantinople on Bosporus straits
-Eastern Roman Empire
-Constantinople was one of the most spectacularly successful cities in Afro-Eurasia
Constantine - Answer -built "new Rome" on Bosporus strait
-named it Constantinople after himself
-reunified the empire (Byzantium)
-West and East became official in 395 CE
-East ruled by Arcadius, West ruled by Honorius
Justianian - Answer -came to Constantinople as a young man from the obscure Bulkan village
to seek fortune
-considered himself the successor of a long line of forceful Roman emperors and he was
determined to undo them
-reformed Roman laws by having a commission of lawyers create the Digest, a massive
condensation and organization of the preexisting body of Roman law that was the foundation
for "Roman law", followed in both eastern and western Europe for more than a millennium
-build Hagia Sophia, which represented the flowing together of Christianity and imperial culture
-internal discord and contacts between east and west intensified during his rule
-survived bubonic plague that left Constantinople decimated