Preclinical Dental Hygiene Final
eXaM StUDy gUiDe 2026 cOMPlete
QUeStiOnS WitH cOrrect DetaileD
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<recent VerSiOn>
1. Instrumentation Stroke - ANSWER ✔ the act of moving the working-end of
a periodontal instrument against the tooth surface
2. Junctional Epithelium - ANSWER ✔ soft epithelial tissue that forms the
base of a gingival sulcus or periodontal pocket
3. Vertical and Oblique Instrumentation Strokes - ANSWER ✔ always should
be made in a coronal direction away from the soft tissue base of the sulcus or
periodontal pocket
4. Horizontal Instrumentation Strokes - ANSWER ✔ -most useful when
working around the line angles of a posterior tooth or at the midline of an
anterior tooth
-working-end does not come in contact with the junctional epithelium when
using a horizontal stroke
,5. Multidirectional Strokes - ANSWER ✔ -combine the use of all three stroke
directions
-very useful when removing plaque biofilm from root surfaces
6. Vertical Stroke Use - ANSWER ✔ -anterior teeth: used on the facial, lingual
, and proximal surfaces
-posterior teeth: used primarily on the mesial and distal surfaces
7. Oblique Stroke Use - ANSWER ✔ -used most commonly on the facial and
lingual surfaces of posterior teeth
8. Horizontal Stroke Use (Posterior) - ANSWER ✔ -posterior teeth: used
around line angles, in furcation areas, and in deep pockets that are too
narrow to allow vertical or oblique strokes
9. Horizontal Stroke Use (Anterior) - ANSWER ✔ -anterior teeth: very
effective in removing calculus from these narrow root surfaces (facial and
lingual)
-working-end is used in a toe-down position; a short, controlled horizontal
stroke is made on the tooth surface
10.Aquired Pellicle - ANSWER ✔ Thin, acellular tenacious film composed of
proteins, carbohydrates and lipids
11.Aquired Pellicle - ANSWER ✔ in greatest amounts near the gingival margin
and areas undisturbed by chewing, swallowing and speaking
,12.formation of pellicle - ANSWER ✔ Immediately upon exposure to saliva,
after eruption or removal of hard and soft deposits from tooth surface
Begins to form and fully formed within 30-90 minutes
13.supragingival pellicle - ANSWER ✔ Clear, translucent, insoluble, and not
readily visible until a disclosing agent has been applied
14.subgingival pellicle - ANSWER ✔ continuous with supragingival pellicle
15.can become embedded in tooth structure, esp. where tooth is partially
demineralized or rough due to abrasion
16.pellicle function - ANSWER ✔ protective
lubrication
nidus for bacteria
attachment of calculus
17.dental biofilm (plaque) - ANSWER ✔ dynamic, structured community of
microorganisms encapsulated in a selfproduced extracellular polymeric
substance
18.biofilm matrix - ANSWER ✔ composed of polysaccharides, proteins, &
other compounds; acts to protect the biofilm from the host's immune system
and from antimicrobial or antibiotic agents
, 19.plaque contains over how many mo species? - ANSWER ✔ 700
20.Stages of biofilm formation - ANSWER ✔ formation of pellicle
bacterial multiplication and colonization
matrix formation
biofilm growth
maturation
21.Stage 1: Formation - ANSWER ✔ Planktonic bacterial cells interact with the
pellical
Reversible with oral hygiene activities
22.Stage 2: Bacterial Multiplication and Colonization - ANSWER ✔ -
Planktonic microorganisms not removed attach more permanently using cell
adhesion structures
-Multiply in layers
-Increased size = colonies produce EPS = firmly attach in an irreversible
manner
-Rough surface = more rapid irreversible attachment
-Within the first few hours = gram+ cocci and rods
23.Stage 3: Matrix Formation - ANSWER ✔ -Bacteria multiply to form EPS
matrix
-Matrix anchors bacteria together = protected and continues to grow
eXaM StUDy gUiDe 2026 cOMPlete
QUeStiOnS WitH cOrrect DetaileD
anSWerS || 100% gUaranteeD PaSS
<recent VerSiOn>
1. Instrumentation Stroke - ANSWER ✔ the act of moving the working-end of
a periodontal instrument against the tooth surface
2. Junctional Epithelium - ANSWER ✔ soft epithelial tissue that forms the
base of a gingival sulcus or periodontal pocket
3. Vertical and Oblique Instrumentation Strokes - ANSWER ✔ always should
be made in a coronal direction away from the soft tissue base of the sulcus or
periodontal pocket
4. Horizontal Instrumentation Strokes - ANSWER ✔ -most useful when
working around the line angles of a posterior tooth or at the midline of an
anterior tooth
-working-end does not come in contact with the junctional epithelium when
using a horizontal stroke
,5. Multidirectional Strokes - ANSWER ✔ -combine the use of all three stroke
directions
-very useful when removing plaque biofilm from root surfaces
6. Vertical Stroke Use - ANSWER ✔ -anterior teeth: used on the facial, lingual
, and proximal surfaces
-posterior teeth: used primarily on the mesial and distal surfaces
7. Oblique Stroke Use - ANSWER ✔ -used most commonly on the facial and
lingual surfaces of posterior teeth
8. Horizontal Stroke Use (Posterior) - ANSWER ✔ -posterior teeth: used
around line angles, in furcation areas, and in deep pockets that are too
narrow to allow vertical or oblique strokes
9. Horizontal Stroke Use (Anterior) - ANSWER ✔ -anterior teeth: very
effective in removing calculus from these narrow root surfaces (facial and
lingual)
-working-end is used in a toe-down position; a short, controlled horizontal
stroke is made on the tooth surface
10.Aquired Pellicle - ANSWER ✔ Thin, acellular tenacious film composed of
proteins, carbohydrates and lipids
11.Aquired Pellicle - ANSWER ✔ in greatest amounts near the gingival margin
and areas undisturbed by chewing, swallowing and speaking
,12.formation of pellicle - ANSWER ✔ Immediately upon exposure to saliva,
after eruption or removal of hard and soft deposits from tooth surface
Begins to form and fully formed within 30-90 minutes
13.supragingival pellicle - ANSWER ✔ Clear, translucent, insoluble, and not
readily visible until a disclosing agent has been applied
14.subgingival pellicle - ANSWER ✔ continuous with supragingival pellicle
15.can become embedded in tooth structure, esp. where tooth is partially
demineralized or rough due to abrasion
16.pellicle function - ANSWER ✔ protective
lubrication
nidus for bacteria
attachment of calculus
17.dental biofilm (plaque) - ANSWER ✔ dynamic, structured community of
microorganisms encapsulated in a selfproduced extracellular polymeric
substance
18.biofilm matrix - ANSWER ✔ composed of polysaccharides, proteins, &
other compounds; acts to protect the biofilm from the host's immune system
and from antimicrobial or antibiotic agents
, 19.plaque contains over how many mo species? - ANSWER ✔ 700
20.Stages of biofilm formation - ANSWER ✔ formation of pellicle
bacterial multiplication and colonization
matrix formation
biofilm growth
maturation
21.Stage 1: Formation - ANSWER ✔ Planktonic bacterial cells interact with the
pellical
Reversible with oral hygiene activities
22.Stage 2: Bacterial Multiplication and Colonization - ANSWER ✔ -
Planktonic microorganisms not removed attach more permanently using cell
adhesion structures
-Multiply in layers
-Increased size = colonies produce EPS = firmly attach in an irreversible
manner
-Rough surface = more rapid irreversible attachment
-Within the first few hours = gram+ cocci and rods
23.Stage 3: Matrix Formation - ANSWER ✔ -Bacteria multiply to form EPS
matrix
-Matrix anchors bacteria together = protected and continues to grow
