BIOL 4003 questions well answered
already passed
G-banding - correct answer ✔✔ *dark bands* bind the dye heavily; *light bands* do not bind
the stain well
Karyotype - correct answer ✔✔ micrograph in which all of the chromosomes within a single cell
have been arranged in a standard fashion
Deletions & Duplications - correct answer ✔✔ -changes in the *total amount* of genetic
material
*deletions tend to be more harmful than duplications
*depends on size of deletion/duplication & "importance" of material deleted/duplicated
Inversions - correct answer ✔✔ segment that has been flipped to the opposite orientation
Nonallelic Homologous
Recombination (NAHR) - correct answer ✔✔ tend to occur on *repetitive sequences* --> result
in one chromatid has duplication, one has deletion
Gene family - correct answer ✔✔ -can arise from gene duplications
-when two or more genes are derived from a *single ancestral gene* and have *similar
function*, the genes
are said to be *homologous* to each other
*ex. globin gene family (ancestral globin --> myoglobin + hemoglobin + etc...)
, Paralogs - correct answer ✔✔ homologous genes within a single species
Copy Number Variation (CNV) - correct answer ✔✔ -when the *number* of *copies* of a
particular gene *varies* from one individual to the next
-often w/o any phenotypic consequences
-identical genes can later differentiate and perform more specialized functions
Pericentric inversion - correct answer ✔✔ when the *centromere lies within* the inverted
region of the chromosome
Paracentric inversion - correct answer ✔✔ *centromere found outside* of the inverted region
Inversion heterozygotes (Chapt. 8. C23) - correct answer ✔✔ -one normal chromosome + one
inverted chromosome
-can be *phenotypically normal*
-high probability of abnormal gametes *due to crossing-over in the inverted segment (inversion
loop)*
Reciprocal translocations - correct answer ✔✔ two non-homologous chromosomes exchange
genetic material
Simple translocations - correct answer ✔✔ a piece of one chromosome breaks off and becomes
attached to another chromosome
already passed
G-banding - correct answer ✔✔ *dark bands* bind the dye heavily; *light bands* do not bind
the stain well
Karyotype - correct answer ✔✔ micrograph in which all of the chromosomes within a single cell
have been arranged in a standard fashion
Deletions & Duplications - correct answer ✔✔ -changes in the *total amount* of genetic
material
*deletions tend to be more harmful than duplications
*depends on size of deletion/duplication & "importance" of material deleted/duplicated
Inversions - correct answer ✔✔ segment that has been flipped to the opposite orientation
Nonallelic Homologous
Recombination (NAHR) - correct answer ✔✔ tend to occur on *repetitive sequences* --> result
in one chromatid has duplication, one has deletion
Gene family - correct answer ✔✔ -can arise from gene duplications
-when two or more genes are derived from a *single ancestral gene* and have *similar
function*, the genes
are said to be *homologous* to each other
*ex. globin gene family (ancestral globin --> myoglobin + hemoglobin + etc...)
, Paralogs - correct answer ✔✔ homologous genes within a single species
Copy Number Variation (CNV) - correct answer ✔✔ -when the *number* of *copies* of a
particular gene *varies* from one individual to the next
-often w/o any phenotypic consequences
-identical genes can later differentiate and perform more specialized functions
Pericentric inversion - correct answer ✔✔ when the *centromere lies within* the inverted
region of the chromosome
Paracentric inversion - correct answer ✔✔ *centromere found outside* of the inverted region
Inversion heterozygotes (Chapt. 8. C23) - correct answer ✔✔ -one normal chromosome + one
inverted chromosome
-can be *phenotypically normal*
-high probability of abnormal gametes *due to crossing-over in the inverted segment (inversion
loop)*
Reciprocal translocations - correct answer ✔✔ two non-homologous chromosomes exchange
genetic material
Simple translocations - correct answer ✔✔ a piece of one chromosome breaks off and becomes
attached to another chromosome
