HDEV Final Exam UPDATED ACTUAL Questions and CORRECT Answers
1. psychosocial de- - Erikson's theory, which emphasizes the importance of social relationships and
velopment conscious choice throughout eight stages of development.
2. life crisis an internal conflict that attends each stage of psychosocial development.
3. identity crisis according to Erikson,a period of inner conflict during which one examines one's
values and makes decisions about one's life roles.
4. Erikson's 8 stages 1. trust vs mistrust
2. autonomy vs shame and doubt
3. initiative vs guilt
4. industry vs inferiority
5. identity vs role confusion
6. intimacy vs isolation
7. generativity vs stagnation
8. integrity vs despair
5. Erik Erikson's - stage theory of psychosocial development, lifespan consists of eight dilemmas
stages of psy- that must be solved correctly in order to solve the next dilemma
chosocial devel- -each stage builds on tasks of the previous stage, successful mastery leads to a
opment sense of self
Erikson's theory focuses on the development of emotional life and psychological
traits,
he focused on social relationships hence psychosocial development
- Erikson places great emphasis on the ego, or the sense of self.
- Erikson has stages to include the concerns of adulthood and labeled them after
the life crisis that people might encounter during that stage.
- Erikson proposed that social relationships and physical maturation give each
stage its character.
6. Trust vs. Mistrust - (birth-12 months of age)
-infants must learn that adults can be trusted and occurs when adults meet a child's
basic needs for survival.
, - Infants are dependent upon their caregivers, so caregivers who are responsive
and sensitive to their infant's needs help their baby to develop a sense of trust;
their baby will see the world as a safe, predictable place.
- Unresponsive caregivers who do not meet their baby's needs can engender feel-
ings of anxiety, fear, and mistrust; their baby may see the world as unpredictable.
- If infants are treated cruelly or their needs are not met appropriately, they will
likely grow up with a sense of mistrust for people in the world.
7. Autonomy vs. - (ages 1-3 years)
Shame and - As tots begin to explore their world, they learn that they can control their actions
Doubt and act on their environment to get results.
- toddlers learn to exercise will and to do things independently
- This is the "me do it" stage.
For example,
- we might observe a budding sense of autonomy in a 2-year-old child who
wants to choose her clothes and dress herself. Although her outfits might not be
appropriate for the situation, her input in such basic decisions has an ettect on her
sense of independence.
- If denied the opportunity to act on her environment, she may begin to doubt her
abilities, which could lead to low self-esteem and feelings of shame.
8. Initiative vs. Guilt (age 3-6 years)
-Ability to carry out a plan
- capable of initiating activities and asserting control over their world through social
interactions and play.
- preschool children must resolve the task of i By learning to plan and
achieve goals while interacting with others, preschool children can master this task.
Initiative: a sense of ambition and responsibility, occurs when parents allow a child
to explore within limits and then support the child's choice. These children will
develop self-confidence and feel a sense of purpose.
- Those who are unsuccessful at this stage—with their initiative misfiring or stifled
by over-controlling parents—may develop feelings of guilt.
, 9. industry vs inferi- (6 to 12 age)
ority stage characterized by a focus on ettorts to attain competence in meeting the challenges
presented by parents, peers, school, and the other complexities of the modern
world
- Children begin to compare themselves with their peers to see how they measure
up.
- They either develop a sense of pride and accomplishment in their schoolwork,
sports, social activities, and family life, or they feel inferior and inadequate because
they feel that they don't measure up.
- If children do not learn to get along with others or have negative experiences at
home or with peers, an inferiority complex might develop into adolescence and
adulthood.
10. identity vs. role (ages 12-18),
confusion -Resolved in adolescence
-Ability to form a stable identity
- stage during which teenagers and young adults search for and become their true
selves
- During this stage, adolescents attempt to determine whom they are in the present
while also imagining possible futures for themselves.
- an adolescent's main task is developing a sense of self and attempt to determine
whom they are in the present while also imagining possible futures for themselves.
- Adolescents struggle with questions such as "Who am I?" and "What do I want
to do with my life?"
Along the way, most adolescents try on many ditterent selves to see which ones
fit; they explore various roles and ideas, set goals, and attempt to discover their
"adult" selves.
- Adolescents who are successful at this stage have a strong sense of identity and
are able to remain true to their beliefs and values in the face of problems and other
people's perspectives.
- When adolescents are apathetic, do not make a conscious search for identity, or
are pressured to conform to their parents' ideas for the future, they may develop
1. psychosocial de- - Erikson's theory, which emphasizes the importance of social relationships and
velopment conscious choice throughout eight stages of development.
2. life crisis an internal conflict that attends each stage of psychosocial development.
3. identity crisis according to Erikson,a period of inner conflict during which one examines one's
values and makes decisions about one's life roles.
4. Erikson's 8 stages 1. trust vs mistrust
2. autonomy vs shame and doubt
3. initiative vs guilt
4. industry vs inferiority
5. identity vs role confusion
6. intimacy vs isolation
7. generativity vs stagnation
8. integrity vs despair
5. Erik Erikson's - stage theory of psychosocial development, lifespan consists of eight dilemmas
stages of psy- that must be solved correctly in order to solve the next dilemma
chosocial devel- -each stage builds on tasks of the previous stage, successful mastery leads to a
opment sense of self
Erikson's theory focuses on the development of emotional life and psychological
traits,
he focused on social relationships hence psychosocial development
- Erikson places great emphasis on the ego, or the sense of self.
- Erikson has stages to include the concerns of adulthood and labeled them after
the life crisis that people might encounter during that stage.
- Erikson proposed that social relationships and physical maturation give each
stage its character.
6. Trust vs. Mistrust - (birth-12 months of age)
-infants must learn that adults can be trusted and occurs when adults meet a child's
basic needs for survival.
, - Infants are dependent upon their caregivers, so caregivers who are responsive
and sensitive to their infant's needs help their baby to develop a sense of trust;
their baby will see the world as a safe, predictable place.
- Unresponsive caregivers who do not meet their baby's needs can engender feel-
ings of anxiety, fear, and mistrust; their baby may see the world as unpredictable.
- If infants are treated cruelly or their needs are not met appropriately, they will
likely grow up with a sense of mistrust for people in the world.
7. Autonomy vs. - (ages 1-3 years)
Shame and - As tots begin to explore their world, they learn that they can control their actions
Doubt and act on their environment to get results.
- toddlers learn to exercise will and to do things independently
- This is the "me do it" stage.
For example,
- we might observe a budding sense of autonomy in a 2-year-old child who
wants to choose her clothes and dress herself. Although her outfits might not be
appropriate for the situation, her input in such basic decisions has an ettect on her
sense of independence.
- If denied the opportunity to act on her environment, she may begin to doubt her
abilities, which could lead to low self-esteem and feelings of shame.
8. Initiative vs. Guilt (age 3-6 years)
-Ability to carry out a plan
- capable of initiating activities and asserting control over their world through social
interactions and play.
- preschool children must resolve the task of i By learning to plan and
achieve goals while interacting with others, preschool children can master this task.
Initiative: a sense of ambition and responsibility, occurs when parents allow a child
to explore within limits and then support the child's choice. These children will
develop self-confidence and feel a sense of purpose.
- Those who are unsuccessful at this stage—with their initiative misfiring or stifled
by over-controlling parents—may develop feelings of guilt.
, 9. industry vs inferi- (6 to 12 age)
ority stage characterized by a focus on ettorts to attain competence in meeting the challenges
presented by parents, peers, school, and the other complexities of the modern
world
- Children begin to compare themselves with their peers to see how they measure
up.
- They either develop a sense of pride and accomplishment in their schoolwork,
sports, social activities, and family life, or they feel inferior and inadequate because
they feel that they don't measure up.
- If children do not learn to get along with others or have negative experiences at
home or with peers, an inferiority complex might develop into adolescence and
adulthood.
10. identity vs. role (ages 12-18),
confusion -Resolved in adolescence
-Ability to form a stable identity
- stage during which teenagers and young adults search for and become their true
selves
- During this stage, adolescents attempt to determine whom they are in the present
while also imagining possible futures for themselves.
- an adolescent's main task is developing a sense of self and attempt to determine
whom they are in the present while also imagining possible futures for themselves.
- Adolescents struggle with questions such as "Who am I?" and "What do I want
to do with my life?"
Along the way, most adolescents try on many ditterent selves to see which ones
fit; they explore various roles and ideas, set goals, and attempt to discover their
"adult" selves.
- Adolescents who are successful at this stage have a strong sense of identity and
are able to remain true to their beliefs and values in the face of problems and other
people's perspectives.
- When adolescents are apathetic, do not make a conscious search for identity, or
are pressured to conform to their parents' ideas for the future, they may develop
