AC-HPAT Prep UPDATED ACTUAL
Questions and CORRECT Answers
Most of the cell membrane's specific functions are controlled by: - CORRECT ANSWER -
Proteins
Alcoholic Fermentation is a form of: - CORRECT ANSWER -Anaerobic Respiration
Phagocytosis is a form of: - CORRECT ANSWER -Endocytosis
What is a pyruvate? - CORRECT ANSWER -Pyruvate is an important chemical
compound in biochemistry. It is the output of the metabolism of glucose known as glycolysis.
One molecule of glucose breaks down into two molecules of pyruvate, which are then used to
provide further energy, in one of two ways.
What are the small spherical bodies within a cell where proteins are assembled according to
genetic instructions? - CORRECT ANSWER -Ribosomes
What is the structural and functional unit of life? - CORRECT ANSWER -The cell
What is a prokaryotic cell? - CORRECT ANSWER -A cell that lacks a true nucleus and
membrane-bound organelles
What is a eukaryotic cell? - CORRECT ANSWER -A cell that contains a nucleus and
membrane-bound organelles
What is cellular respiration? - CORRECT ANSWER -A catabolic pathway for the
production of ATP, in which sometimes oxygen is consumed as a reactant along with an organic
fuel. At times, the process proceeds without oxygen, but this is less efficient.
,What is anaerobic respiration? - CORRECT ANSWER -A form of cellular respiration that
does not involve oxygen.
What is aerobic respiration? - CORRECT ANSWER -Form of cellular respiration which
requires oxygen to generate energy.
Name the four types of transport that allow small molecules to move across the cell membrane: -
CORRECT ANSWER -Diffusion, Osmosis, Active Transport, and Passive Transport.
Prokaryotes often reproduce by: - CORRECT ANSWER -Binary Fission
What is binary fission? - CORRECT ANSWER -A form of asexual reproduction in which
the parent divides into two identical halves.
What is cytokinesis? - CORRECT ANSWER -The division of cytoplasm into two identical
daughter cells, which occurs during the telophase stage of mitosis.
What is a haploid cell? - CORRECT ANSWER -A cell that contains one set of
chromosomes
What is a diploid cell? - CORRECT ANSWER -A cell that contains two sets of
chromosomes
What is chromatin? - CORRECT ANSWER -The substance of which eukaryotic
chromosomes are composed, consisting of mostly proteins, DNA, and RNA.
What is a centriole? - CORRECT ANSWER -a cylindrical organelle near the nucleus in
animal cells, occurring in pairs and involved in the development of spindle fibers in cell division.
What is a chromosome? - CORRECT ANSWER -A structure carrying genes is a linear
sequence, found in the nucleus, consisting of DNA and protein.
, What is DNA? - CORRECT ANSWER -A double-stranded, helical nucleic acid molecule
capable of replicating and determining the inherited structure of a cell's proteins. It makes up the
genetic material of most living organisms and plays a role in determining heredity.
What is RNA? - CORRECT ANSWER -A single-stranded nucleic acid molecule involved
in protein synthesis. It is responsible for carrying the genetic code transcribed for DNA to
specialized sites within the cell where the information is translated into protein composition.
What is a nucleotide? - CORRECT ANSWER -A nucleotide is the basic building block of
nucleic acids. RNA and DNA are polymers made of long chains of nucleotides. A nucleotide
consists of a sugar molecule (either ribose in RNA or deoxyribose in DNA) attached to a
phosphate group and a nitrogen-containing base.
What is transcription? - CORRECT ANSWER -Transcription is the process by which the
information in a strand of DNA is copied into a new molecule of messenger RNA (mRNA). ...
This complex initiates transcription, and the RNA polymerase begins mRNA synthesis by
matching complementary bases to the original DNA strand.
What is translation? - CORRECT ANSWER -Translation is the process by which a protein
is synthesized from the information contained in a molecule of messenger RNA (mRNA).
Translation occurs in a structure called the ribosome, which is a factory for the synthesis of
proteins
What is endocytosis and exocytosis? - CORRECT ANSWER -Endocytosis is the process
of capturing a substance or particle from outside the cell by engulfing it with the cell membrane,
and bringing it into the cell. Exocytosis describes the process of vesicles fusing with the plasma
membrane and releasing their contents to the outside of the cell
What is a chromotid? - CORRECT ANSWER -each of the two threadlike strands into
which a chromosome divides longitudinally during cell division. Each contains a double helix of
DNA.
Questions and CORRECT Answers
Most of the cell membrane's specific functions are controlled by: - CORRECT ANSWER -
Proteins
Alcoholic Fermentation is a form of: - CORRECT ANSWER -Anaerobic Respiration
Phagocytosis is a form of: - CORRECT ANSWER -Endocytosis
What is a pyruvate? - CORRECT ANSWER -Pyruvate is an important chemical
compound in biochemistry. It is the output of the metabolism of glucose known as glycolysis.
One molecule of glucose breaks down into two molecules of pyruvate, which are then used to
provide further energy, in one of two ways.
What are the small spherical bodies within a cell where proteins are assembled according to
genetic instructions? - CORRECT ANSWER -Ribosomes
What is the structural and functional unit of life? - CORRECT ANSWER -The cell
What is a prokaryotic cell? - CORRECT ANSWER -A cell that lacks a true nucleus and
membrane-bound organelles
What is a eukaryotic cell? - CORRECT ANSWER -A cell that contains a nucleus and
membrane-bound organelles
What is cellular respiration? - CORRECT ANSWER -A catabolic pathway for the
production of ATP, in which sometimes oxygen is consumed as a reactant along with an organic
fuel. At times, the process proceeds without oxygen, but this is less efficient.
,What is anaerobic respiration? - CORRECT ANSWER -A form of cellular respiration that
does not involve oxygen.
What is aerobic respiration? - CORRECT ANSWER -Form of cellular respiration which
requires oxygen to generate energy.
Name the four types of transport that allow small molecules to move across the cell membrane: -
CORRECT ANSWER -Diffusion, Osmosis, Active Transport, and Passive Transport.
Prokaryotes often reproduce by: - CORRECT ANSWER -Binary Fission
What is binary fission? - CORRECT ANSWER -A form of asexual reproduction in which
the parent divides into two identical halves.
What is cytokinesis? - CORRECT ANSWER -The division of cytoplasm into two identical
daughter cells, which occurs during the telophase stage of mitosis.
What is a haploid cell? - CORRECT ANSWER -A cell that contains one set of
chromosomes
What is a diploid cell? - CORRECT ANSWER -A cell that contains two sets of
chromosomes
What is chromatin? - CORRECT ANSWER -The substance of which eukaryotic
chromosomes are composed, consisting of mostly proteins, DNA, and RNA.
What is a centriole? - CORRECT ANSWER -a cylindrical organelle near the nucleus in
animal cells, occurring in pairs and involved in the development of spindle fibers in cell division.
What is a chromosome? - CORRECT ANSWER -A structure carrying genes is a linear
sequence, found in the nucleus, consisting of DNA and protein.
, What is DNA? - CORRECT ANSWER -A double-stranded, helical nucleic acid molecule
capable of replicating and determining the inherited structure of a cell's proteins. It makes up the
genetic material of most living organisms and plays a role in determining heredity.
What is RNA? - CORRECT ANSWER -A single-stranded nucleic acid molecule involved
in protein synthesis. It is responsible for carrying the genetic code transcribed for DNA to
specialized sites within the cell where the information is translated into protein composition.
What is a nucleotide? - CORRECT ANSWER -A nucleotide is the basic building block of
nucleic acids. RNA and DNA are polymers made of long chains of nucleotides. A nucleotide
consists of a sugar molecule (either ribose in RNA or deoxyribose in DNA) attached to a
phosphate group and a nitrogen-containing base.
What is transcription? - CORRECT ANSWER -Transcription is the process by which the
information in a strand of DNA is copied into a new molecule of messenger RNA (mRNA). ...
This complex initiates transcription, and the RNA polymerase begins mRNA synthesis by
matching complementary bases to the original DNA strand.
What is translation? - CORRECT ANSWER -Translation is the process by which a protein
is synthesized from the information contained in a molecule of messenger RNA (mRNA).
Translation occurs in a structure called the ribosome, which is a factory for the synthesis of
proteins
What is endocytosis and exocytosis? - CORRECT ANSWER -Endocytosis is the process
of capturing a substance or particle from outside the cell by engulfing it with the cell membrane,
and bringing it into the cell. Exocytosis describes the process of vesicles fusing with the plasma
membrane and releasing their contents to the outside of the cell
What is a chromotid? - CORRECT ANSWER -each of the two threadlike strands into
which a chromosome divides longitudinally during cell division. Each contains a double helix of
DNA.
