VTNE UPDATED TESTED QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
GUARANTEE A+
✔✔Repolarization - ✔✔Return of the cell to resting state, caused by reentry of
potassium into the cell while sodium exits the cell (cell now negative)
✔✔Repolarization - ✔✔Return of the cell to resting state, caused by reentry of
potassium into the cell while sodium exits the cell (cell now negative)
✔✔Ca - ✔✔In the heart, depolarization/action potential occurs primarily due to an influx
of which ion into the cells?
✔✔Ca - ✔✔In the heart, depolarization/action potential occurs primarily due to an influx
of which ion into the cells?
✔✔K - ✔✔Which ion is responsible for neural repolarization during an action potential?
✔✔K - ✔✔Which ion is responsible for neural repolarization during an action potential?
✔✔Dura mater, arachnoid membrane, pia mater - ✔✔3 layers of the meninges
✔✔Dura mater, arachnoid membrane, pia mater - ✔✔3 layers of the meninges
✔✔On old Olympus' towering top, a fine, vocal German viewed some hops - ✔✔Cranial
nerves mnemonic
✔✔On old Olympus' towering top, a fine, vocal German viewed some hops - ✔✔Cranial
nerves mnemonic
✔✔Six sailors made merry, but my brother said, "Bad business, my man." - ✔✔TYPE of
cranial nerve mnemonic
✔✔Six sailors made merry, but my brother said, "Bad business, my man." - ✔✔TYPE of
cranial nerve mnemonic
✔✔Olfactory - ✔✔CN I ; sensory
✔✔Olfactory - ✔✔CN I ; sensory
✔✔Optic - ✔✔CN II ; sensory
✔✔Optic - ✔✔CN II ; sensory
✔✔Oculomotor - ✔✔CN III ; motor ; eye movement, pupil size, focusing lens
,✔✔Oculomotor - ✔✔CN III ; motor ; eye movement, pupil size, focusing lens
✔✔Trochlear - ✔✔CN IV ; motor ; eye movement
✔✔Trochlear - ✔✔CN IV ; motor ; eye movement
✔✔Trigeminal - ✔✔CN V ; motor/sensory ; sensations of the head/teeth, chewing
✔✔Trigeminal - ✔✔CN V ; motor/sensory ; sensations of the head/teeth, chewing
✔✔Abducent - ✔✔CN VI ; motor ; eye movement
✔✔Abducent - ✔✔CN VI ; motor ; eye movement
✔✔Facial - ✔✔CN VII ; motor/sensory ; face movement, salivation, tears, taste
✔✔Facial - ✔✔CN VII ; motor/sensory ; face movement, salivation, tears, taste
✔✔Vestibulocochlear - ✔✔CN VIII ; sensory ; balance, hearing
✔✔Vestibulocochlear - ✔✔CN VIII ; sensory ; balance, hearing
✔✔Glossopharyngeal - ✔✔CN IX ; motor/sensory ; tongue movement, swallowing,
salivation, taste
✔✔Glossopharyngeal - ✔✔CN IX ; motor/sensory ; tongue movement, swallowing,
salivation, taste
✔✔Vagus - ✔✔CN X ; motor/sensory ; sensory from GIT/Resp, motor to larynx/pharynx,
abd/thoracic organs
✔✔Vagus - ✔✔CN X ; motor/sensory ; sensory from GIT/Resp, motor to larynx/pharynx,
abd/thoracic organs
✔✔Accessory - ✔✔CN XI ; motor ; head movement, accessory to vagus
✔✔Accessory - ✔✔CN XI ; motor ; head movement, accessory to vagus
✔✔Hypoglossal - ✔✔CN XII ; motor ; tongue movement
✔✔Hypoglossal - ✔✔CN XII ; motor ; tongue movement
,✔✔Transduction, transmission, modulation, perception - ✔✔4 stages of nociception in
order
✔✔Transduction, transmission, modulation, perception - ✔✔4 stages of nociception in
order
✔✔Glacoma - ✔✔Increased ocular pressure due to inadequate drainage of aqueous
humor
✔✔Glacoma - ✔✔Increased ocular pressure due to inadequate drainage of aqueous
humor
✔✔CO - ✔✔Volume of blood ejected from the left ventricle over a unit of time
✔✔CO - ✔✔Volume of blood ejected from the left ventricle over a unit of time
✔✔SV - ✔✔Volume of blood ejected from the left ventricle during one systole (preload,
afterload, contractility effect this)
✔✔SV - ✔✔Volume of blood ejected from the left ventricle during one systole (preload,
afterload, contractility effect this)
✔✔Foramen ovale - ✔✔Opening between the two atria in fetuses
✔✔Foramen ovale - ✔✔Opening between the two atria in fetuses
✔✔Ductus arteriosus - ✔✔Opening between the aorta and pulmonary artery ; also
called a PDA
✔✔Ductus arteriosus - ✔✔Opening between the aorta and pulmonary artery ; also
called a PDA
✔✔DCM - ✔✔Weakened/enlarged heart (due to taurine def in cats); most common in
dogs
✔✔DCM - ✔✔Weakened/enlarged heart (due to taurine def in cats); most common in
dogs
✔✔HCM - ✔✔Hypertrophy/thickening of the myocardium more often in cats
✔✔HCM - ✔✔Hypertrophy/thickening of the myocardium more often in cats
✔✔Tidal volume - ✔✔Volume of air inspired and expired during one breath; 15ml/kg
, ✔✔Tidal volume - ✔✔Volume of air inspired and expired during one breath; 15ml/kg
✔✔Liver - ✔✔Which is the largest internal organ?
✔✔Liver - ✔✔Which is the largest internal organ?
✔✔Lungs - ✔✔What is the shock organ in cats?
✔✔Lungs - ✔✔What is the shock organ in cats?
✔✔Liver - ✔✔What is the shock organ in dogs?
✔✔Liver - ✔✔What is the shock organ in dogs?
✔✔Siminiferous tubules - ✔✔Produces spermatozoa
✔✔Siminiferous tubules - ✔✔Produces spermatozoa
✔✔Epididymis - ✔✔Stores spermatozoa
✔✔Epididymis - ✔✔Stores spermatozoa
✔✔Interstitial cells - ✔✔Produce male sex hormones (androgens)
✔✔Interstitial cells - ✔✔Produce male sex hormones (androgens)
✔✔Cremaster muscle - ✔✔Adjusts the position of the testes in the scrotum relative to
the body
✔✔Cremaster muscle - ✔✔Adjusts the position of the testes in the scrotum relative to
the body
✔✔Pampiniform plexus - ✔✔Network of veins surrounding the testicular artery which
cools the blood temperature
✔✔Pampiniform plexus - ✔✔Network of veins surrounding the testicular artery which
cools the blood temperature
✔✔Sertoli cells - ✔✔Provides support and shields sperm from the immune system
✔✔Sertoli cells - ✔✔Provides support and shields sperm from the immune system
GUARANTEE A+
✔✔Repolarization - ✔✔Return of the cell to resting state, caused by reentry of
potassium into the cell while sodium exits the cell (cell now negative)
✔✔Repolarization - ✔✔Return of the cell to resting state, caused by reentry of
potassium into the cell while sodium exits the cell (cell now negative)
✔✔Ca - ✔✔In the heart, depolarization/action potential occurs primarily due to an influx
of which ion into the cells?
✔✔Ca - ✔✔In the heart, depolarization/action potential occurs primarily due to an influx
of which ion into the cells?
✔✔K - ✔✔Which ion is responsible for neural repolarization during an action potential?
✔✔K - ✔✔Which ion is responsible for neural repolarization during an action potential?
✔✔Dura mater, arachnoid membrane, pia mater - ✔✔3 layers of the meninges
✔✔Dura mater, arachnoid membrane, pia mater - ✔✔3 layers of the meninges
✔✔On old Olympus' towering top, a fine, vocal German viewed some hops - ✔✔Cranial
nerves mnemonic
✔✔On old Olympus' towering top, a fine, vocal German viewed some hops - ✔✔Cranial
nerves mnemonic
✔✔Six sailors made merry, but my brother said, "Bad business, my man." - ✔✔TYPE of
cranial nerve mnemonic
✔✔Six sailors made merry, but my brother said, "Bad business, my man." - ✔✔TYPE of
cranial nerve mnemonic
✔✔Olfactory - ✔✔CN I ; sensory
✔✔Olfactory - ✔✔CN I ; sensory
✔✔Optic - ✔✔CN II ; sensory
✔✔Optic - ✔✔CN II ; sensory
✔✔Oculomotor - ✔✔CN III ; motor ; eye movement, pupil size, focusing lens
,✔✔Oculomotor - ✔✔CN III ; motor ; eye movement, pupil size, focusing lens
✔✔Trochlear - ✔✔CN IV ; motor ; eye movement
✔✔Trochlear - ✔✔CN IV ; motor ; eye movement
✔✔Trigeminal - ✔✔CN V ; motor/sensory ; sensations of the head/teeth, chewing
✔✔Trigeminal - ✔✔CN V ; motor/sensory ; sensations of the head/teeth, chewing
✔✔Abducent - ✔✔CN VI ; motor ; eye movement
✔✔Abducent - ✔✔CN VI ; motor ; eye movement
✔✔Facial - ✔✔CN VII ; motor/sensory ; face movement, salivation, tears, taste
✔✔Facial - ✔✔CN VII ; motor/sensory ; face movement, salivation, tears, taste
✔✔Vestibulocochlear - ✔✔CN VIII ; sensory ; balance, hearing
✔✔Vestibulocochlear - ✔✔CN VIII ; sensory ; balance, hearing
✔✔Glossopharyngeal - ✔✔CN IX ; motor/sensory ; tongue movement, swallowing,
salivation, taste
✔✔Glossopharyngeal - ✔✔CN IX ; motor/sensory ; tongue movement, swallowing,
salivation, taste
✔✔Vagus - ✔✔CN X ; motor/sensory ; sensory from GIT/Resp, motor to larynx/pharynx,
abd/thoracic organs
✔✔Vagus - ✔✔CN X ; motor/sensory ; sensory from GIT/Resp, motor to larynx/pharynx,
abd/thoracic organs
✔✔Accessory - ✔✔CN XI ; motor ; head movement, accessory to vagus
✔✔Accessory - ✔✔CN XI ; motor ; head movement, accessory to vagus
✔✔Hypoglossal - ✔✔CN XII ; motor ; tongue movement
✔✔Hypoglossal - ✔✔CN XII ; motor ; tongue movement
,✔✔Transduction, transmission, modulation, perception - ✔✔4 stages of nociception in
order
✔✔Transduction, transmission, modulation, perception - ✔✔4 stages of nociception in
order
✔✔Glacoma - ✔✔Increased ocular pressure due to inadequate drainage of aqueous
humor
✔✔Glacoma - ✔✔Increased ocular pressure due to inadequate drainage of aqueous
humor
✔✔CO - ✔✔Volume of blood ejected from the left ventricle over a unit of time
✔✔CO - ✔✔Volume of blood ejected from the left ventricle over a unit of time
✔✔SV - ✔✔Volume of blood ejected from the left ventricle during one systole (preload,
afterload, contractility effect this)
✔✔SV - ✔✔Volume of blood ejected from the left ventricle during one systole (preload,
afterload, contractility effect this)
✔✔Foramen ovale - ✔✔Opening between the two atria in fetuses
✔✔Foramen ovale - ✔✔Opening between the two atria in fetuses
✔✔Ductus arteriosus - ✔✔Opening between the aorta and pulmonary artery ; also
called a PDA
✔✔Ductus arteriosus - ✔✔Opening between the aorta and pulmonary artery ; also
called a PDA
✔✔DCM - ✔✔Weakened/enlarged heart (due to taurine def in cats); most common in
dogs
✔✔DCM - ✔✔Weakened/enlarged heart (due to taurine def in cats); most common in
dogs
✔✔HCM - ✔✔Hypertrophy/thickening of the myocardium more often in cats
✔✔HCM - ✔✔Hypertrophy/thickening of the myocardium more often in cats
✔✔Tidal volume - ✔✔Volume of air inspired and expired during one breath; 15ml/kg
, ✔✔Tidal volume - ✔✔Volume of air inspired and expired during one breath; 15ml/kg
✔✔Liver - ✔✔Which is the largest internal organ?
✔✔Liver - ✔✔Which is the largest internal organ?
✔✔Lungs - ✔✔What is the shock organ in cats?
✔✔Lungs - ✔✔What is the shock organ in cats?
✔✔Liver - ✔✔What is the shock organ in dogs?
✔✔Liver - ✔✔What is the shock organ in dogs?
✔✔Siminiferous tubules - ✔✔Produces spermatozoa
✔✔Siminiferous tubules - ✔✔Produces spermatozoa
✔✔Epididymis - ✔✔Stores spermatozoa
✔✔Epididymis - ✔✔Stores spermatozoa
✔✔Interstitial cells - ✔✔Produce male sex hormones (androgens)
✔✔Interstitial cells - ✔✔Produce male sex hormones (androgens)
✔✔Cremaster muscle - ✔✔Adjusts the position of the testes in the scrotum relative to
the body
✔✔Cremaster muscle - ✔✔Adjusts the position of the testes in the scrotum relative to
the body
✔✔Pampiniform plexus - ✔✔Network of veins surrounding the testicular artery which
cools the blood temperature
✔✔Pampiniform plexus - ✔✔Network of veins surrounding the testicular artery which
cools the blood temperature
✔✔Sertoli cells - ✔✔Provides support and shields sperm from the immune system
✔✔Sertoli cells - ✔✔Provides support and shields sperm from the immune system
