Criminal Investigations Exam 2023

RESPECT; Respond to scene and make it safe - Answer- -use preliminary detiails(cad 911 operator ect use following factors time,location,crime,people,vehicles,number of first responders going to scene take direct safest route Upon arrival scan area remain alert RESPECT: Emergency care for injured - Answer- request EMS est. pathway to avoid evidence destroy document any contact by EMS-DO NOT ATTEMPT TO REPOSITION RESPECT: SEPARATE AND REMOVE PEOPLE - Answer- IMMEDIATELY SPARATE VICTIM AND SUSPECTS SEPARATE victims form witness identify an d separate witnes for intiviewiing, if witness needs to leave get there infor and schedule intview later RESPECT: Protect the crime scene - Answer- est temp. perimeters DO NOT touch or move or alter keep food drinks out of scene identify evidence do not touch identify actual or potential sources of dna trae impression and finger prints Protect the crime scene-conduct walk through - Answer- ify legal standards for crime scenes pathway identify special equipment or clothing needed ify the following -entry exit between suspect and victim between suspect and evidence between victim and evidence identify perishable or fragile evidence that need to be processed first what type of perimeter should you establish - Answer- Inner and outer Inner Perimeter - Answer- Make at least. Twice the size of actual crime scene Clearly make inner perimeter boundaries with line take Only allow authorized investigators and crime scene personnel to the inner perimeter Est. Signal entry and exit Est crime scene log Included the following in crime scene log - Answer- Date and time log began Name of person entry and exit Name and entry of person making entry Entry date,time,and signature of person Reason person made entry Exit date,time,scene was clear Outer perimeter - Answer- Identify outer perimeter boundaries with combination of emergency vehicles, police officers barriers Used to store equipment and supplies. Create log of equiment,assets and supplies Agency policy may permit designated area inside, for credentialed news media representative Rough sketch - Answer- Begin during walk-through Included the case number, date time of sketch,author,name,direction arrow, and the words NOT TO scale Use legend Include relevant measurement dimensions and distance between evidence e and crime scene Photograph crime scene - Answer- Use agency owned and issues camera or video equiment Do not use person cell phones Use log Leave in natural state Take as many organically photos as needed Begin with broad perspective and move inward taking overall image -overal- landmarks, street signs, house number -mid-range-perspective 5-10 ft -close up , include-injuries,license plates,serial numbers,impression,locations of dna trace Do not delete photographs Video crime scene - Answer- Remove all personnel's from. Scene Video entire crime scene Keep video camera at eye level Do not provide narration Overall, midrange,close up RESPECT: Evidence collection Types of evidence - Answer- Direct-directly lines a person to crime without the need of any additional evidence or inferences Circumstantial evidence- relies on an inferences to connect a conclusion of fact Physical evidence-is tangible and may be direct or circumstantial, includes objects or items seized at the crim scenes or during searches Testimonial evidence-may be direct or circumstantial. Includes first-hand statements made by victim witness suspect or police Exculpatory evidence-refers to evidence and or statements which tend to be clear, justify or excuse a defendant from alleged fault or guilt. Best pratice for chain of custody includes - Answer- Date,times,location of evidences Name of officer who seized evidece Alll dares and times evidence were received Name of all people who came in contact with evidence Full description of evidence following Owners name Case number Make,model,serial numbers Color sizes weights and any unique characteristic Evidence packaging and storeage - Answer- Prioritize items for collection Collect the most fragile evidence first and the least fragile last Standard precautions -gloves face mask, shoe protectors,full body coveralls Types of physical evidence - Answer- Direct or circumstantial Examples: Drugs,money,clothing,weapons documents, digital files,fingerprints and impression,DNA , trace evidence Trace evidence - Answer- Transferred from one surface to another during physical contact Include: soil,mineral,gunshot residue,human and animal hair, textile, wood glasss paint fibers Identify and protect trace evidence until excpert Asia stance arriavals DNA evidence - Answer- Includes, human hair,tissue,bone,teeth,blood,saliva,semen or other bodily fluids Best practice for collecting DNA - Answer- Identify and protect DNA evidence Use protective equiment Change gloves between every sample Packaged DNA separately Attach bio-hazard Fingerprint evidence three type - Answer- Plastic-found in wet-paint Patent-seen with naked eye Latent-can not be seen wit naked eye Identify and protect fingerprints evidence until expert assistance arrvives Impression evidecen - Answer- Created when one object presses against another with enough force to leave matching print Can be found in following area; Snow Bloo Dirt/sand Human skin Systematic search - Answer- Determine by circumstances and individual officer preference, can be search methods are more effective when done consistently. Top-down: start at the head and end at the feet. Start dwelling search's on the upper-most floor and work down Left-right: search left rear passenger seat area of a vehicle first then search right area Outside inside:Search outside of the container first, then inside, search outside jacket pockets first, then inside pockets Lane searches: - Answer- Used to cover large area quickly for missing persons or evidence Divid search area into equal parallel lane that goe in the same direction Maximum lane width is 6" Assign officers to each lane Search lane from end to end Grind search - Answer- Used to cover area more thoroughly for evidence that is harder to find given crime scene Divid search area Max 6" Search lane end to end Zone search - Answer- Searches are used to cover crime scene that can be divided into obvious sections Place search - Answer- Determined by circumstances and evidence sout. Place searches range from 4X6 closet to a 100 ace woods Person search areas - Answer- Secure and search the person first before any container in his or her possession Trace,DNA,weapon drug and other evidence can be found on people. Use systematic and zone methods to search people Evidence clothing - Answer- Alway feel and look before reaching into clothing for objects that are unknown or cannot be seen Pulling loose clothing Using palms and fingers to gently squeeze clothing Adjuecting or removing layers Search head/neck - Answer- Hat Hair Glasses Headphones Behind and inside ears Under shirts jacket color Inside mouth Search upper body - Answer- Bra Under arm pits Between breast Between finger prints Under belly Jacket pockets and hoods Under and inside watches jewelry Search lower body - Answer- Waist band Under belt Inside underwear Crotch buttocks gentian Short pant pocket pant leg Search feet - Answer- Socks Inside shoes Between toes Shoe soles Testimonial evidne - Answer- Statements made directly Spontaneous utterances overheard by witness Writtten statement Interview and interrogation recordings Memory stage - Answer- Stage 1-acquisition- is the person perception of event Stage 2- retention-is time that passes between original event and recollection of a specific price of information Stage 3-retrieval- is the recall of stored information or memory, two types of retrial recall and recongnition Estimator variables - Answer- Affect how many people acquire stage 1 information during an event Exposure duration- - Answer- Brief or fleeting exposures to events and people tend to reduce accuracy of information It all happen so fast that I barely had time to think Memory decay - Answer- It is a curve not straight line More servere immediately after and event and level off over time Lighting - Answer- Limited light and shadows can diminish accuracy of information