Criminal Investigations Exam 1 with complete solutions

Rules and Admissability of Evidence - Answer- Relevant, Material, Competent Criminal Investigation - Answer- The process of collecting crime-related information to reach certain goals Common Activities Performed in Investigations - Answer- Searching for victims and witnesses, interviewing for victims and witnesses, Reading and writing reports Criminal Investiagtion Goals - Answer- To solve a crime, To provide evidence in support of a conviction in court, Provide level of service to satisfy victims of crime, Reduction in crime through deterrence or incapacitation Types of Undercover Investigations - Answer- Stings, Decoys, Undercover Fencing Operations, Stakeouts, Surveillance Qualities of Good Investigators - Answer- Common Sense, Motivation, Integrity A Piece of Evidence that Solved the Baby Lindbergh Case - Answer- Ten Dollar Bill The 3 Distinct Eras of Policing - Answer- Political Era, Reform Era, Community Problem-Solving Era Judicial Evidence - Answer- Admissable in court and meets the rules of evidence Exculpatory Evidence - Answer- Any eveidence that excludes or eliminates someone as a suspect Probable Cause - Answer- Is it more likely than not that a particular circumstance exists? Relevant for police when making an arrest and conducting a search Reasonable Suspicion - Answer- Is there reason to believe that a particular circumstance exists? Relevant for police when conducting a stop and frisk The "Reasonable Person" Standard - Answer- Unite States v. Ortiz (1975) ruled that police officers can rely on their expertise in determining probable cause Direct Evidence - Answer- Crime-related information that immediately demonstrates the existence of a fact in question, All conclusions made are apparent Indirect Evidence - Answer- Or circumstantial evidence, is crime-related information in which inference and probabilities are needed to draw an associated conclusion Modus Operandi - Answer- The method in which the crime was committed Testimonial Evidence - Answer- Evidence tat is presented in court through witnesses speaking under oath Hearsay Evidence - Answer- Repeating information that another person said Real Evidence - Answer- Physical Evidence, scientific evidence, or forensic evidence, Refers to tangible objects that are produced as a direct result of the commission of the crime (examples include blood spatters on the wall and the knife used to kill the victim) Demonstrative Evidence - Answer- Refers to any tangible evidence related to teh crime and/or perpetrator that is created indirectly from the crime (examples include diagrams of the crime scene and photographs of the victim) Corpus Delecti Evidence - Answer- Refers to evidence that establishes that a crime actually occurred Identification Evidence - Ans