surname names
Number Number May 2025 Edexcel: AS Level History
8HI0/2D Paper 2 – Depth Study, Option
2D.1: The Unification of Italy, c.1830–
1870 & Option 2D.2: The Unification of
Germany, c.1840–1871 – Merged Question
Paper & Mark Scheme
Paper
History
🟐 🟐
Advanced Subsidiary
PAPER 2: Depth study
Option 2D.1: The unification of Italy, c1830–70
Option 2D.2: The unification of Germany, c1840–71
Instructions
•• Use black ink or ball-point pen.
Fill in the boxes at the top of this page with your name,
centre number and candidate number.
•• There are A,
In Section twoanswer
sections in this part
question question paper.
(a) and part (b) on the option for which you
have been prepared.
•• InAnswer
Section B, answer one question on the option for which you have been prepared.
the questions in the spaces provided
– there may be more space than you need.
Information
Exam Resource Summary
••This
The
and
The
May 2025 Pearson Edexcel AS Level History 8HI0/2D document merges the official question paper
total
mark mark for
scheme
marks for
forPaper
each
this paper is 40.Study, Option 2D.1: The Unification of Italy, c.1830–1870 &
2 – Depth
question are shown in brackets
Option 2D.2: The Unification of Germany, c.1840–1871. It covers key themes including the role of
– use this as a guide as to how much time to spend on each question.
liberalism and nationalism, the impact of major individuals (such as Cavour and Bismarck), diplomatic
and military developments in the unification processes, and the resultant socio-political changes in both
Advice
Italy and Germany. The merged format provides students with an integrated view of the full exam
••
alongside the question
Read each
structuring.
Check your
official mark
Essential
answers
schemebefore
carefully
forifeffective
you have
— clarifying
revision,
examiner
you start expectations,
to answer
time self-assessment
at the end.
it. mark distribution, and response
and preparation to excel in the 2025
Edexcel AS Level History Paper 2.
Turn over
P76493A
©2025 Pearson Education Ltd.
Y:1/1/1/1/
, SECTION A
Choose EITHER Option 2D.1 (Question 1) OR Option 2D.2 (Question 2), for which
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA
you have been prepared.
Option 2D.1: The unification of Italy, c1830–70
Answer Question 1, parts (a) and (b).
You should start the answer to part (a) on page 4.
You should start the answer to part (b) on page 7.
1 (a) Study Source 1 in the Sources Booklet before you answer this question.
Why is Source 1 valuable to the historian for an enquiry into the nature of
Gioberti’s views on Italian nationalism in the 1840s?
Explain your answer using the source, the information given about it and your
own knowledge of the historical context.
(8)
AND
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA
(b) Study Source 2 in the Sources Booklet before you answer this question.
How much weight do you give to the evidence of Source 2 for an enquiry into
the impact of the rule of the restored Bourbon monarchy on the Kingdom of the
Two Sicilies in the years 1830–47?
Explain your answer using the source, the information given about it and your
own knowledge of the historical context.
(12)
(Total for Question 1 = 20 marks)
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA
2
■■■■
, Choose EITHER Option 2D.1 (Question 1) OR Option 2D.2 (Question 2), for which
you have been prepared.
Option 2D.2: The unification of Germany, c1840–71
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA
Answer Question 2, parts (a) and (b).
You should start the answer to part (a) on page 4.
You should start the answer to part (b) on page 7.
2 (a) Study Source 3 in the Sources Booklet before you answer this question.
Why is Source 3 valuable to the historian for an enquiry into Prussia’s relationship
with the other German states after the defeat of Austria in 1866?
Explain your answer using the source, the information given about it and your
own knowledge of the historical context.
(8)
AND
(b) Study Source 4 in the Sources Booklet before you answer this question.
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA
How much weight do you give to the evidence of Source 4 for an enquiry into the
responsibility for the outbreak of the Franco-Prussian War in 1870?
Explain your answer using the source, the information given about it and your
own knowledge of the historical context.
(12)
(Total for Question 2 = 20 marks)
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA
3
■■■■ Turn over
, Indicate which question you are answering by marking a cross in the box . If you change your
mind, put a line through the box and then indicate your new question with a cross .
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA
Chosen question number: Question 1 Question 2
(This is for part (a)) . . . .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... . .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. ..................................................................................................
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DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA
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4
■■■■
Number Number May 2025 Edexcel: AS Level History
8HI0/2D Paper 2 – Depth Study, Option
2D.1: The Unification of Italy, c.1830–
1870 & Option 2D.2: The Unification of
Germany, c.1840–1871 – Merged Question
Paper & Mark Scheme
Paper
History
🟐 🟐
Advanced Subsidiary
PAPER 2: Depth study
Option 2D.1: The unification of Italy, c1830–70
Option 2D.2: The unification of Germany, c1840–71
Instructions
•• Use black ink or ball-point pen.
Fill in the boxes at the top of this page with your name,
centre number and candidate number.
•• There are A,
In Section twoanswer
sections in this part
question question paper.
(a) and part (b) on the option for which you
have been prepared.
•• InAnswer
Section B, answer one question on the option for which you have been prepared.
the questions in the spaces provided
– there may be more space than you need.
Information
Exam Resource Summary
••This
The
and
The
May 2025 Pearson Edexcel AS Level History 8HI0/2D document merges the official question paper
total
mark mark for
scheme
marks for
forPaper
each
this paper is 40.Study, Option 2D.1: The Unification of Italy, c.1830–1870 &
2 – Depth
question are shown in brackets
Option 2D.2: The Unification of Germany, c.1840–1871. It covers key themes including the role of
– use this as a guide as to how much time to spend on each question.
liberalism and nationalism, the impact of major individuals (such as Cavour and Bismarck), diplomatic
and military developments in the unification processes, and the resultant socio-political changes in both
Advice
Italy and Germany. The merged format provides students with an integrated view of the full exam
••
alongside the question
Read each
structuring.
Check your
official mark
Essential
answers
schemebefore
carefully
forifeffective
you have
— clarifying
revision,
examiner
you start expectations,
to answer
time self-assessment
at the end.
it. mark distribution, and response
and preparation to excel in the 2025
Edexcel AS Level History Paper 2.
Turn over
P76493A
©2025 Pearson Education Ltd.
Y:1/1/1/1/
, SECTION A
Choose EITHER Option 2D.1 (Question 1) OR Option 2D.2 (Question 2), for which
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA
you have been prepared.
Option 2D.1: The unification of Italy, c1830–70
Answer Question 1, parts (a) and (b).
You should start the answer to part (a) on page 4.
You should start the answer to part (b) on page 7.
1 (a) Study Source 1 in the Sources Booklet before you answer this question.
Why is Source 1 valuable to the historian for an enquiry into the nature of
Gioberti’s views on Italian nationalism in the 1840s?
Explain your answer using the source, the information given about it and your
own knowledge of the historical context.
(8)
AND
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA
(b) Study Source 2 in the Sources Booklet before you answer this question.
How much weight do you give to the evidence of Source 2 for an enquiry into
the impact of the rule of the restored Bourbon monarchy on the Kingdom of the
Two Sicilies in the years 1830–47?
Explain your answer using the source, the information given about it and your
own knowledge of the historical context.
(12)
(Total for Question 1 = 20 marks)
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA
2
■■■■
, Choose EITHER Option 2D.1 (Question 1) OR Option 2D.2 (Question 2), for which
you have been prepared.
Option 2D.2: The unification of Germany, c1840–71
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA
Answer Question 2, parts (a) and (b).
You should start the answer to part (a) on page 4.
You should start the answer to part (b) on page 7.
2 (a) Study Source 3 in the Sources Booklet before you answer this question.
Why is Source 3 valuable to the historian for an enquiry into Prussia’s relationship
with the other German states after the defeat of Austria in 1866?
Explain your answer using the source, the information given about it and your
own knowledge of the historical context.
(8)
AND
(b) Study Source 4 in the Sources Booklet before you answer this question.
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA
How much weight do you give to the evidence of Source 4 for an enquiry into the
responsibility for the outbreak of the Franco-Prussian War in 1870?
Explain your answer using the source, the information given about it and your
own knowledge of the historical context.
(12)
(Total for Question 2 = 20 marks)
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA
3
■■■■ Turn over
, Indicate which question you are answering by marking a cross in the box . If you change your
mind, put a line through the box and then indicate your new question with a cross .
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA
Chosen question number: Question 1 Question 2
(This is for part (a)) . . . .. . .. .. . .. .. . ... . .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. ..................................................................................................
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. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . . .. . .. .. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . . ......................
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DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA
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DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA
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