NSG 432 Exam 1 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS GRADED A+ UPDATED
intracellular space - correct answer ✔✔ fluid in the cells
primarily in skeletal muscle mass
extracellular fluid - correct answer ✔✔ fluid outside the cells
intravascular
interstitial
transcellular
intravascular - correct answer ✔✔ fluid within the blood vessels
contains plasma, erythrocytes, leukocytes, and thrombocytes
interstitial - correct answer ✔✔ fluid that surrounds the cells
lymph
transcellular - correct answer ✔✔ cerebrospinal, pericardial, synovial, intraocular, pleural fluid,
sweat, and digestive secretions
third spacing - correct answer ✔✔ loss of ECF into a space that does not contribute to
equilibrium between the ICF and ECF
causes increased heart rate, decreased blood pressure, decreased central venous pressure,
edema, increased body weight, and imbalances in I&O
cations - correct answer ✔✔ carry positive charge
,sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and hydrogen
anions - correct answer ✔✔ carry negative charge
chloride, bicarbonate, phosphate, sulfate, and proteinate
hypovolemia - correct answer ✔✔ FVD
loss of ECF volume exceeds the intake of fluid
ratio of serum electrolytes to water remains the same
causes of hypovolemia - correct answer ✔✔ vomiting, diarrhea, fistulas, fever, excess sweating,
burns, blood loss, GI suction, third spacing, decreased intake, diabetes
s/s of hypovolemia - correct answer ✔✔ decreased skin turgor
oliguria
low BP
dizziness
weakness
confusion
increased pulse
cool, pale skin
increased h&h
increased BUN and creatinine
increased urine specific gravity
causes of hypervolemia - correct answer ✔✔ kidney injury, heart failure, cirrhosis, prolonged
corticosteroid use, hyperaldosteronism
, s/s of hypervolemia - correct answer ✔✔ peripheral edema
ascites
distended jugular veins
elevated CVP
SOB
increased BP
lung crackles/cough
increased urine output
decreased h&h
decreased urine sodium and specific gravity
treatment for hypovolemia - correct answer ✔✔ oral fluids
IV isotonic solutions- LR, 0.9% sodium chloride
nursing intervention for hypovolemia - correct answer ✔✔ monitor I&O
daily body weight
observe for weak, rapid pulse and orthostatic hypotension
check skin turgor
measure urine specific gravity
isotonic solutions - correct answer ✔✔ 0.9% NaCl- normal saline
Lactated Ringers
5% dextrose in water- D5W
hypotonic solutions - correct answer ✔✔ 0.45% NaCl- half strength normal saline
ANSWERS GRADED A+ UPDATED
intracellular space - correct answer ✔✔ fluid in the cells
primarily in skeletal muscle mass
extracellular fluid - correct answer ✔✔ fluid outside the cells
intravascular
interstitial
transcellular
intravascular - correct answer ✔✔ fluid within the blood vessels
contains plasma, erythrocytes, leukocytes, and thrombocytes
interstitial - correct answer ✔✔ fluid that surrounds the cells
lymph
transcellular - correct answer ✔✔ cerebrospinal, pericardial, synovial, intraocular, pleural fluid,
sweat, and digestive secretions
third spacing - correct answer ✔✔ loss of ECF into a space that does not contribute to
equilibrium between the ICF and ECF
causes increased heart rate, decreased blood pressure, decreased central venous pressure,
edema, increased body weight, and imbalances in I&O
cations - correct answer ✔✔ carry positive charge
,sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and hydrogen
anions - correct answer ✔✔ carry negative charge
chloride, bicarbonate, phosphate, sulfate, and proteinate
hypovolemia - correct answer ✔✔ FVD
loss of ECF volume exceeds the intake of fluid
ratio of serum electrolytes to water remains the same
causes of hypovolemia - correct answer ✔✔ vomiting, diarrhea, fistulas, fever, excess sweating,
burns, blood loss, GI suction, third spacing, decreased intake, diabetes
s/s of hypovolemia - correct answer ✔✔ decreased skin turgor
oliguria
low BP
dizziness
weakness
confusion
increased pulse
cool, pale skin
increased h&h
increased BUN and creatinine
increased urine specific gravity
causes of hypervolemia - correct answer ✔✔ kidney injury, heart failure, cirrhosis, prolonged
corticosteroid use, hyperaldosteronism
, s/s of hypervolemia - correct answer ✔✔ peripheral edema
ascites
distended jugular veins
elevated CVP
SOB
increased BP
lung crackles/cough
increased urine output
decreased h&h
decreased urine sodium and specific gravity
treatment for hypovolemia - correct answer ✔✔ oral fluids
IV isotonic solutions- LR, 0.9% sodium chloride
nursing intervention for hypovolemia - correct answer ✔✔ monitor I&O
daily body weight
observe for weak, rapid pulse and orthostatic hypotension
check skin turgor
measure urine specific gravity
isotonic solutions - correct answer ✔✔ 0.9% NaCl- normal saline
Lactated Ringers
5% dextrose in water- D5W
hypotonic solutions - correct answer ✔✔ 0.45% NaCl- half strength normal saline
