NUR 265 Exam 1
1. What is nephrotic A condition of increased glomerular permeability that allows larger mole-
syndrome? cules to pass through the membrane into the urine and then be excreted.
2. What are key fea- -
tures of nephrotic *Massive proteinuria*
syndrome? -*Hypoalbuminemia*
-*Edema (facial and periorbital)*
-Lipiduria
-Hyperlipidemia
-Increased coagulation
-Reduced kidney function
3. In nephrotic syn- 3.5g in 24 hours
drome, severe pro-
tein loss in the urine
is greater than what?
4. What is nephrot- -immunosuppressant agents (if immunity based).
ic syndrome treated -ACE inhibitors (decreased protein loss in urine)
with? -statins (improve blood lipid levels).
-Heparin (used to treat vascular effects and improve kidney function)
5. Describe Prerenal Decreased perfusion to kidneys.
AKI. Give examples.
-NSAIDs
-Severe dehydration
-Renal artery stenosis
-MI or HF resulting in low ejection fraction and low cardiac output
-Blood/ fluid loss
6. Describe Intrarenal Tissue damage to the actual kidneys.
AKI. Give examples.
-Glomerulonephritis or inflammation of the glomeruli
, NUR 265 Exam 1
-Sepsis
-Intrarenal bleeding
-Pyelonephritis
7. Describe Postrenal Obstruction that occurs after the kidney.
AKI. Give examples.
-Enlarged prostate (BPH)
-Bladder Cancer
-Kidney stones
8. How do you deter- Systolic + (Diastolic*2) /3
mine the mean arte-
rial pressure (MAP)?
9. What is the MAP 65 mmHg
needed to perfuse
the kidneys?
10. What are exam- -NSAIDS
ples of nephrotoxic -Metformin
drugs? -Diuretics
-Antibiotics (especially -mycin)
-Contrast dye
11. During the diuretic Watch for dehydration and make sure output is greater than input
phase of AKI, what
needs to be moni-
tored?
12. What are the dietary -Low protein
restrictions for an -Low sodium
AKI patient? -Fluid restriction: 1000-1500mL day (for anything except perfusion prob-
lem)
, NUR 265 Exam 1
13. What are the 2 most -HTN
common causes of -Uncontrolled diabetes
CKD?
14. What is azotemia? Nitrogenous waste build up
15. What are manifesta- •Metallic taste in mouth
tions of uremia? •Anorexia
•Nausea/vomiting
•Muscle cramps
•Uremic frost on skin
•Itching
•Fatigue and lethargy
•Hiccups
•Edema
•Dyspnea
•Paresthesia's
16. What effects can CKD -HTN
have on the cardiac -Heart failure (major problem. Call the doctor)
system -Pericarditis
17. What effects can CKD -Uremic frost
have on the Integu-
mentary system
18. What are the dietary -Protein (restrict early in disease process to preserve kidney function)
restrictions on CKD? -Potassium
-Fluid
-Sodium
19. Describe hemodialy- -3x a week- 4-5 hours
sis -At risk for bleeding do to heparin
1. What is nephrotic A condition of increased glomerular permeability that allows larger mole-
syndrome? cules to pass through the membrane into the urine and then be excreted.
2. What are key fea- -
tures of nephrotic *Massive proteinuria*
syndrome? -*Hypoalbuminemia*
-*Edema (facial and periorbital)*
-Lipiduria
-Hyperlipidemia
-Increased coagulation
-Reduced kidney function
3. In nephrotic syn- 3.5g in 24 hours
drome, severe pro-
tein loss in the urine
is greater than what?
4. What is nephrot- -immunosuppressant agents (if immunity based).
ic syndrome treated -ACE inhibitors (decreased protein loss in urine)
with? -statins (improve blood lipid levels).
-Heparin (used to treat vascular effects and improve kidney function)
5. Describe Prerenal Decreased perfusion to kidneys.
AKI. Give examples.
-NSAIDs
-Severe dehydration
-Renal artery stenosis
-MI or HF resulting in low ejection fraction and low cardiac output
-Blood/ fluid loss
6. Describe Intrarenal Tissue damage to the actual kidneys.
AKI. Give examples.
-Glomerulonephritis or inflammation of the glomeruli
, NUR 265 Exam 1
-Sepsis
-Intrarenal bleeding
-Pyelonephritis
7. Describe Postrenal Obstruction that occurs after the kidney.
AKI. Give examples.
-Enlarged prostate (BPH)
-Bladder Cancer
-Kidney stones
8. How do you deter- Systolic + (Diastolic*2) /3
mine the mean arte-
rial pressure (MAP)?
9. What is the MAP 65 mmHg
needed to perfuse
the kidneys?
10. What are exam- -NSAIDS
ples of nephrotoxic -Metformin
drugs? -Diuretics
-Antibiotics (especially -mycin)
-Contrast dye
11. During the diuretic Watch for dehydration and make sure output is greater than input
phase of AKI, what
needs to be moni-
tored?
12. What are the dietary -Low protein
restrictions for an -Low sodium
AKI patient? -Fluid restriction: 1000-1500mL day (for anything except perfusion prob-
lem)
, NUR 265 Exam 1
13. What are the 2 most -HTN
common causes of -Uncontrolled diabetes
CKD?
14. What is azotemia? Nitrogenous waste build up
15. What are manifesta- •Metallic taste in mouth
tions of uremia? •Anorexia
•Nausea/vomiting
•Muscle cramps
•Uremic frost on skin
•Itching
•Fatigue and lethargy
•Hiccups
•Edema
•Dyspnea
•Paresthesia's
16. What effects can CKD -HTN
have on the cardiac -Heart failure (major problem. Call the doctor)
system -Pericarditis
17. What effects can CKD -Uremic frost
have on the Integu-
mentary system
18. What are the dietary -Protein (restrict early in disease process to preserve kidney function)
restrictions on CKD? -Potassium
-Fluid
-Sodium
19. Describe hemodialy- -3x a week- 4-5 hours
sis -At risk for bleeding do to heparin
