ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY 1 (EXAM 1) QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY 1 (EXAM
1) QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
anatomy - correct answer-
studies the structure of the body parts and their relationship to one another



physiology - correct answer-
studies the function of the body (how the body parts work and carry out their life sustaining activities
)



gross or macroscopic anatomy - correct answer-
study the anatomical structures that can be see at naked eye

-lungs, kidney, heart



regional anatomy - correct answer-
all structures in a particular region of the body are studied together



systematic anatomy - correct answer-the body structure is studied system by system



surface anatomy - correct answer-
study the internal structures as they relate to the overlying skin surface



microscopic anatomy - correct answer-study the internal structures that cannot be seen at naked eye

-cells, tissues



cytology - correct answer-study the cells of the body



histology - correct answer-study the tissues of the body



developmental anatomy - correct answer-traces the structural changes that occur during the lifespan

,embryology - correct answer-study the developmental changes that occur before birth



renal physiology - correct answer-kidney, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra



neurophysiology - correct answer-brain, nerves, spinal cord



cardiovascular physiology - correct answer-heart, blood vessels, blood



maintain boundaries: plasma membrane - correct answer-
selectively restricts the diffusion of solutes into the cell



intracellular - correct answer-in the cell



extracellular - correct answer-out the cell

-blood plasma, interstitial



maintaining boundaries: skin - correct answer-
maintaining internal humidity, protection against infections, heat, and chemicals



movement - correct answer-
uses the capacity of the muscular cells to constrict and the skeletal system to provide support



responsiveness - correct answer-
capacity of the organisms to sense changes on the environment(stimulus) and respond to them (nerv
ous and excitable cells)



digestion - correct answer--performed by the digestive system

-
breaking down the food indigested into simpler compounds the can be absorbed and transported by t
he blood

, metabolism - correct answer-chemical reactions that occur within the cell



catabolism - correct answer-breaking down substances into simpler chemical compounds



anabolism - correct answer-synthesizing more complex substances, including energy-
reaching molecules(ATP) from simpler chemical compounds



excretion - correct answer-removing waster(excreta) from the body

-digestive system= food residues(feces)

-urinary system= nitrogen wastes(urine)

-respiratory and cardiovascular= CO2



reproduction - correct answer--cellular: cell division(mitosis and meiosis)

-
organism: performed by the reproductive system; feminine and masculine. Egg(ova) fertilization by the
sperm



growth - correct answer-
increase in the size of a body part of the organism as a whole, usually by increasing the number of ce
lls



the human body needs to survive - correct answer--
nutrients(carbs, proteins,fats,vitamins,and minerals)

-oxygen

-water(50-60% of the body weight)

-proper temperature(37^C or 98.6^F)

-proper atmospheric pressure



homeostasis - correct answer-maintenance of the internal conditions despite environmental changes

-dynamic equilibrium