Florida Atlantic University NUR 3262; Comprehensive chronic review_ Answered 100% updated 2025/26.

Florida Atlantic University NUR 3262; Comprehensive chronic review_ Answered 100% updated 2025/26. A nurse is providing discharge teaching for a client who is to perform peritoneal dialysis at home. Which of the following information should the nurse include? "You should avoid foods high in fiber." MY ANSWER "You should expect redness at the catheter exit site." "You should anticipate pain the first week during the inflow of dialysate." Abdominal pain is expected during inflow of the dialysate during the first few weeks of therapy. A nurse is caring for a client who is menopausal and asks the nurse about the use of herbal therapies to reduce her discomfort. Which of the following statements should the nurse make? Many herbal products have not undergone long-term testing for safety and efficacy." Herbal supplements are regulated under the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act of 1994 (DSHEA). The DSHEA does not require long-term testing for safety and efficacy. "Herbal therapies have no benefits and will not help your discomfort." "You should begin immediately as they will help you." "There are no ill effects associated with the use of herbal therapies." A nurse is developing a teaching plan for a client who has an ileostomy and will require stoma care. Which of the following information should the nurse include? Empty the pouch when it is 1/2 full. MY ANSWER The nurse should instruct the client to empty the pouch when it is 1/3 to 1/2 full. A nurse is teaching a client who has a new prescription for cimetidine to treat peptic ulcer disease. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching? (Select all that apply.) (Select All that Apply.) "I will take this medication when I need it for pain." "I will take this medication with an antacid." "I will take this medication in the morning." "I will eat five small meals each day." "I should expect my stools to turn black." "I can take this medication with or without food." A nurse is teaching a client about strategies to manage gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Which of the following statements should the nurse include? "Avoid eating 2 to 3 hours before bedtime." The nurse should instruct the client to avoid eating or drinking 2 to 3 hr prior to lying down.A nurse is providing teaching about dietary recommendations to a client who has iron deficiency anemia. Which of the following dietary recommendations should the nurse include as a food that enhances iron absorption when consumed with nonheme iron? Tomato juice MY ANSWER Food sources rich in Vitamin C enhance nonheme iron absorption. Tomato products contain vitamin C; therefore, tomato juice is appropriate to include as a food that that enhances iron absorption when consumed with nonheme iron. A nurse is assessing a client who has chronic bronchitis. Which of the following percussion sounds should the nurse expect? Dullness Resonance Resonance characterizes chronic bronchitis. It is a loud, low-pitched sound of long duration. Tympany Tympany Flatness A nurse is caring for a school-age child who has mild persistent asthma. Which of the following is an expected finding? (Select all that apply.) (Select All that Apply.) Daytime symptoms occur more than twice a week. Peak expiratory flow (PEF) is greater than or equal to 80% of the predicted value. Symptoms are continuous throughout the day. Minor limitations occur with normal activity. Nighttime symptoms occur approximately twice a month. A nurse on the day shift is preparing to change a client's total parenteral nutrition (TPN) solution, but the new TPN solution has not arrived from the pharmacy. The client receives additional IV fat emulsion during the night shift. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? Hang dextrose 10% in water (D10W) until the TPN solution is delivered. The nurse should hang D10W if the TPN runs out or is not available to hang. D10W is a hypertonic solution that will maintain glucose level and prevent rebound hypoglycemia.Saline lock the IV catheter after discontinuing the TPN solution. Hang the IV fat emulsion solution. Call the provider for new TPN orders. A nurse is preparing an in-service for coworkers about various herbal supplements clients might report using. The nurse should include in the presentation that which of the following herbal supplements is used to help the client lose weight? Licorice Feverfew Comfrey Ephedra- The nurse should identify that ephedra is an extremely dangerous weight loss supplement; however, clients may still report using it for weight loss. A nurse is caring for a client who has emphysema. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect to assess in this client? (Select all that apply.) (Select All that Apply.) Deep respirations Dyspnea Clubbing of the fingers Bradycardia Barrel chest A nurse is caring for a client who has a new arteriovenous (AV) graft in his left forearm. Which of the following techniques should the nurse use to assess the patency of this graft? . Auscultate the site for a bruit. The nurse should auscultate the AV graft site for the presence of a bruit or palpate the site for a thrill every 4 hr to assess for blood flow.When checking a client's capillary refill, the nurse finds that the color returns in 10 seconds. The nurse should understand that this finding indicates which of the following? Arterial insufficiency To test capillary refill, a nurse presses on the client's nail beds to produce blanching and then measures the time it takes for the color to return. With adequate arterial capillary perfusion, the color should return within 3 seconds. If the skin color takes longer than 3 seconds to return to normal, this indicates impaired arterial blood flow to the extremity. A nurse is providing discharge teaching for a client who requires home oxygen therapy. Which of the following statements should the nurse identify as an indication that the client needs further teaching? “I will be able to tell how much oxygen I'm getting by looking at the flowmeter.” “I should call my doctor if I find it harder to concentrate.” “I will make sure my visitors smoke outside.” “I will wear synthetic clothing and woolen socks when using my oxygen.” -Woolen and synthetic materials can generate static electricity. Because oxygen is a flammable gas, the client should wear cotton clothing and use cotton bedding and blankets. The nurse is caring for a client who has heart failure and a history of asthma. The nurse reviews the provider's orders and recognizes that clarification is needed for which of the following medications? Carvedilol Medications that block beta-2 receptors, such as carvedilol, are contraindicated in clients with asthma. Fluticasone Fluticasone, an inhaled corticosteroid, is commonly used in the treatment of asthma.Captopril Captopril, an ACE inhibitor, is commonly used in the treatment of heart failure. Isosorbide dinitrate MY ANSWER Isosorbide, a vasodilator, is commonly used in the treatment of heart failure. A nurse is discussing good food choices with a client who is recovering from an exacerbation of inflammatory bowel disease and is to start a low-lactose diet. Which of the following foods is the best choice for the client? Soy milk Soy milk is the best choice for this client because soy milk is lactose-free. Cheddar cheese Cheddar cheese, a low lactose food, is a good choice for this client; however, it is not the best choice because it does contain lactose. A nurse is admitting a client who reports anorexia and is experiencing malnutrition. Which of the following laboratory findings should the nurse expect to be altered? Creatine kinase MY ANSWER Creatine kinase is a cardiac enzyme which is useful in the diagnosis of a myocardial infarction. It is not a laboratory test that supports a diagnosis of malnutrition.Troponin Troponin is a cardiac enzyme which indicates a client has experienced a myocardial infarction. It is not a laboratory test that supports a diagnosis of malnutrition. Total bilirubin Total bilirubin is altered in clients who are experiencing hepatobiliary disease. It is not a laboratory test that supports a diagnosis of malnutrition. Albumin A low albumin is a measure of plasma proteins which reflects the nutritional condition of a client experiencing anorexia and malnutrition over an extended period of time. A client is planning to perform nasotracheal suction for a client who has COPD and an artificial airway. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? Perform suctioning for up to four passes. Apply suction to the catheter when advancing it into the trachea. Preoxygenate the client with 100% oxygen for up to 3 min. To prevent hypoxemia, the nurse should preoxygenate the client with 100% oxygen for 30 seconds to 3 min prior to suctioning. Limit each suction pass to 25 seconds.A nurse is caring for a client who has diverticular disease. When palpating the client's abdomen, in which of the following locations should the nurse expect the client to report abdominal pain? Lower left quadrant MY ANSWER The nurse should expect the client to have abdominal pain in the lower left quadrant of the abdomen. The disease is usually found in the sigmoid colon, where high pressure to move fecal contents from the rectum causes pouch formation. Upper left quadrant The nurse should not expect the client to have abdominal pain in the upper left quadrant area because the disease is generally located in the sigmoid colon. When analyzing cues, it is appropriate to follow up with the lung and AV fistula site assessments. There has been in a change in the client’s lung sounds accompanied by a non-productive cough. The client experienced an episode of nausea with emesis at 1600 the evening prior and could have aspirated or may be retaining fluid related to decreased kidney function. The nurse should assess the site further for evidence of bleeding due to the use of anticoagulants during dialysis. A nurse is caring for a client who has a gastric ulcer. Which of the following herbal supplements should the nurse recommend?Licorice Licorice may help some of the client’s gastrointestinal problems, such as gastric and duodenal ulcers. Feverfew MY ANSWER Feverfew may have some anti-inflammatory and vasoconstrictive effects in the brain, if taken prophylactically to prevent the occurrence of migraine headaches. Comfrey Comfrey may be used topically for wound healing, but contains carcinogenic pyrrolizidine alkaloids and should not be taken orally. Ephedra Ephedra can elevate blood pressure, places the client at risk for stroke or myocardial infarction, and should not be taken orally. A nurse is providing teaching for a client who has a new diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). The client asks about foods he should avoid eating. Which of the following foods should the nurse tell him to avoid Nonfat milk Foods that are low in fat, such as skimmed milk, increase pressure on the lower esophageal sphincter and help reduce the symptoms of GERD. Chocolate MY ANSWERThe client should avoid foods that reduce pressure on the lower esophageal sphincter. These include fatty and fried foods, chocolate, caffeine, alcohol, and carbonated drinks. A nurse is assessing a client who has asthma. Which of the following areas should the nurse evaluate as the most reliable indicator of central cyanosis? Oral mucosa According to evidence-based practice, the nurse should first monitor the client's tongue and lips for manifestations of central cyanosis because cyanosis is most evident in areas with minimal pigmentation. Conjunctivae Ear lobes Soles of the feet A nurse in the emergency department is assessing an older adult client who has communityacquired pneumonia. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect? Unequal pupils Hypertension Tympany upon chest percussion Confusion Confusion due to hypoxemia is an expected finding for an older-adult who has pneumonia. A nurse is collaborating on care for a client who has COPD. Which of the following tasks should the nurse recommend be referred to an occupational therapist for assistance?Instructing how to measure oxygen saturation Instructing how to use kitchen tools to prepare a meal As a member of the interdisciplinary team, the occupational therapist works with the client to develop fine motor skills and coordination, such as improving hand strength and hand movements. The occupational therapist focuses on self-management of ADLs, such as skills needed for eating, hygiene, and dressing. Occupational therapists also can teach clients to perform other independent living skills, such as cooking and shopping. A home health nurse visits a client who has COPD and receives oxygen at 2 L/min via nasal cannula. The client reports difficulty breathing. Which of the following actions is the nurse's priority? Increase the oxygen flow to 3 L/min. Assess the client's respiratory status. The first action the nurse should take using the nursing process is to collect data from the client. The nurse should immediately assess the client's respiratory status before determining the appropriate interventions. Call emergency services for the client. Have the client cough and expectorate secretions. A nurse is assessing a client who is 2 days postoperative and auscultates bilateral breath sounds, but absent breath sounds in the bases. The nurse should suspect which of the following postoperative complications? Atelectasis Atelectasis is an incomplete alveolar expansion or collapse. Breath sounds are dull or absent over areas of alveolar collapse. Pneumonia Pulmonary embolism Arterial thrombusA nurse is caring for a client who has heart failure and a potassium level of 2.4 mEq/L. The nurse should identify which of the following medications as the cause of the client's low potassium level? Furosemide Nitroglycerin Metoprolol Spironolactone A nurse is teaching a client's adult son about how to position the client when administering enteral feedings at home. Which of the following statements by the son indicates an understanding of the teaching? "I will allow him to be in the position where he is most comfortable during the feeding." "I will elevate the head of the bed 10 degrees during the feeding." "I will turn him on his left side during the feeding." "I will have him sit in his chair during the feeding." The client should be placed in a Fowler’s position or in a sitting position in a chair, which is the normal position for eating. This is the position that will prevent aspiration of fluid into the lungs and promote a gravitational flow. A nurse is caring for a client following the surgical placement of a colostomy. Which of the following statements indicates the client understands the dietary teaching?“Eating yogurt can help decrease the amount of gas that I have.” “I should eliminate pasta from my diet so that I don't have as many loose stools.” “My largest meal of the day should be in the evening.” “Carbonated beverages can help control odor.” A nurse is providing teaching to a client who has gastroesophageal reflux disease and a new prescription for omeprazole. Which of the following instructions should the nurse provide? Take NSAIDs if headaches occur. Decrease intake of vitamin D. Expect muscle cramps for several weeks. Report diarrhea to the provider. Omeprazole is associated with an increased risk of C. difficile infection. The nurse should instruct the client to contact the provider if diarrhea occurs. A nurse is caring for a client who has chronic kidney disease (CKD) and states she has heartburn. The provider prescribes aluminum hydroxide. The client asks, "Why can't I just take the antacid magaldrate my husband has at home?" The nurse explains to the client that aluminum hydroxide is the preferred antacid because it lowers which of the following? Serum phosphorus levels Aluminum-based formulas are also a phosphate binder, helping to lower serum phosphorus levels in clients who have CK Serum potassium levels Serum magnesium levels Serum calcium levels A nurse is providing discharge teaching to a client has a new prescription for a metered dose inhaler (MDI). Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the teaching?Shake the inhaler for 3 to 5 seconds. Rinse the mouth with mouthwash after inhaling the medication. Wait 2 min between inhalations. Press down twice on the MDI canister. A nurse is providing discharge teaching for a client who has a new prescription for home oxygen. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the teaching? "Do not adjust the oxygen flow rate." "Check your oxygen equipment once each week." "Store unused oxygen tanks horizontally." "Use wool blankets on your bed." A nurse is providing teaching for a client who has gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) about ways to manage his condition. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include? "Sleep on your left side." "Drink milk to soothe your stomach." "Eat four small meals each day." "Wait to go to bed for 1 hr after eating." A nurse is reviewing the arterial blood gas values for a client. The pH is 7.32, PaCO2 48 mm Hg and the HCO3 is 23 mEq/L. The nurse should recognize that these findings indicate of which of the following acid base balances? Respiratory acidosis A number of conditions can lead to respiratory acidosis, including COPD and pneumonia. In the presence of respiratory acidosis, the client's blood gas values meet the following criteria: apH less than 7.35, a PaCO2 greater than 45 mg/Hg, and an HCO3 that is normal or slightly elevated (22 to 26 mEq/mL). Respiratory alkalosis Metabolic acidosis Metabolic alkalosis A nurse is providing discharge instructions to a client who has asthma and is about to start taking theophylline (Theo-24). The nurse should tell the client that this medication might cause which of the following adverse effects? Drowsiness Constipation Oliguria Tachycardia Theophylline can increase cardiac stimulation and cause tachycardia. A nurse is preparing to provide tracheostomy care for a client who has a nondisposable tracheostomy tube. Which of the following equipment should the nurse plan to use? (Select all that apply.) (Select All that Apply.) Sterile water Sterile basin Sterile cotton-tipped applicators Sterile cotton balls Clean gloves A nurse is caring for a client who is taking sucralfate. Which of the following outcomes indicates a therapeutic effect of the medication?Alleviate Helicobacter pylori Relief of gastrointestinal pain Sucralfate, an antiulcer medication, is prescribed for acute or maintenance therapy of duodenal ulcers. A therapeutic effect of the medication is relief of gastrointestinal pain associated with gastric ulcers. Sucralfate also promotes ulcer healing. Prevention of opportunistic infections Improvement of impaired vision A nurse is providing discharge teaching about nutrition to the parents of a child who has cystic fibrosis (CF). Which of the following responses by the parents indicates an understanding of the teaching? "We will give our child pancreatic enzymes with snacks and meals." "We will restrict the amount of salt in our child's food." "I will limit my child's fluid intake." "I will prepare low-fat meals with limited protein for my child." A nurse is assessing a client who has malnutrition. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect? Increased vital capacity Moist skin Heat intolerance Decreased mental status Lethargy and depression are manifestation of malnutrition. The brain requires glucose to function. When the body lacks adequate glucose, the body will metabolize tissue such as muscle and fat. The resulting metabolic acidosis can further decrease the client's mental status. A nurse is giving a presentation at a community center about chronic bronchitis. Which of the following information should the nurse include as effective for preventing this disorder?Maintenance of ideal weight Annual influenza immunization Smoking cessation Regular moderate exercise A nurse is teaching a client who has a new prescription for pancrelipase to aid in digestion. The nurse should inform the client to expect which of the following gastrointestinal changes? Decreased mucus in stools Decreased black tarry stools Decreased watery stools Decreased fat in stools A nurse is reviewing a client's laboratory results and sees that their hemoglobin A1C is 9%. Which of the following statements from the nurse is appropriate? "Your blood sugar is very unstable." "Your average blood sugar is high." "You have many dangerously low blood sugar levels." "Your blood sugar is too high after meals." A nurse is planning care for a child who has cystic fibrosis and a prescription to receive chest physiotherapy (CPT). Which of the following actions should the nurse plan to take? Percuss each lung segment for 15 min.Perform CPT immediately after the child eats. Administer albuterol prior to CPT. Perform vibration during the client's inspirations. A nurse is developing a plan of care for a client who is to begin receiving peritoneal dialysis. Which of the following interventions should the nurse implement to ensure proper dialysate exchange? Monitor vital signs every 2 hr during the procedure. Warm the dialysate solution prior to instillation. Place the drainage bag above the level of the client's abdomen. Maintain the client in a left lateral position during dialysis. A client who has Type 2 diabetes mellitus asks the nurse, "Why did I develop diabetes?" Which of the following responses should the nurse make? "Your body is destroying the cells that secrete insulin." "Your body has insulin resistance and decreased insulin secretion." "An infection in your pancreas destroyed the cells that make insulin." "Your kidneys are not able to reabsorb water which leads to Type 2 diabetes mellitus."A nurse is admitting a client who is having an exacerbation of his asthma. When reviewing the provider's orders, the nurse recognizes that clarification is needed for which of the following medications? Propranolol Theophylline Montelukast Prednisone A nurse is planning care for a client who has diverticulitis. Which of the following menu selections should the nurse include in the plan? Turkey sandwich with celery sticks Sliced ham with green salad Pork tenderloin with green peas Grilled chicken breast with white rice A nurse is assessing a client who has COPD. The nurse should expect the client's chest to be which of the following shapes? Pigeon Funnel KyphoticBarrel A nurse is caring for a child who has asthma and a prescription for montelukast granules. Which of the following instructions should the nurse provide the client's parent on administering the medication? Give the medication in the morning daily. Administer the medication 2 hr before exercise. Give the medication at the onset of wheezing. Administer the granules mixed with 20 oz of water. A nurse is providing teaching to a client who takes opioid pain medication and has a new prescription for docusate sodium. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching? "It might take up to 3 days for the medication to work." "I will take the medication for diarrhea." "I should drink 4 ounces of water when I take the medication." "I can take this medication along with mineral oil." A nurse is caring for a child who has a suspected diagnosis of cystic fibrosis. Which of the following diagnostic tests will confirm the diagnosis?Sweat chloride test Clients who have cystic fibrosis have an increase of sodium and chloride in both saliva and sweat. Therefore, a sweat chloride test can definitively confirm a diagnosis of cystic fibrosis. A sputum culture A stool fat content analysis Pulmonary function tests A nurse is teaching a client who has a new prescription for esomeprazole to manage his GERD. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching? "I won't pass gas as often now that I am taking this medication." "I will take this medication each morning with my breakfast." "I have an increased risk of getting pneumonia while taking this medication." "I will need to take a daily stool softener while taking this medication." A nurse is assessing a client who has a colostomy. Which of the following findings should the nurse report to the provider? The stool is yellow-green. The ostomy is draining frequently. The stoma is pale in color. The stoma should be pinkish to cherry red in color, which indicates an adequate blood supply. If the stoma becomes pale, bluish, or dark, the nurse should report this finding to the provider immediately. The skin around the stoma is red. A nurse is providing teaching to a client with gastroesophageal reflux. Which of the following statements by the client indicates a need for further teaching? "I should elevate the head of my bed while sleeping."“I drink no more than 4 cups of coffee a day.” “I take my time when I am eating.” “I avoid foods and drinks made with chocolate.” A nurse is providing teaching to a client who has a new diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The nurse should recognize that the client understands the teaching when he identifies which of the following as manifestations of hypoglycemia? (Select all that apply.) (Select All that Apply.) Tachycardia Blurred vision Moist, clammy skin Polydipsia Polyuria A nurse is caring for a client with a tracheostomy. The client's partner has been taught to perform suctioning. Which of the following actions by the partner should indicate to the nurse a readiness for the client's discharge? Attending a class given about tracheostomy care Verbalizing all steps in the procedure Performing the procedure independently Asking appropriate questions about suctioning A nurse is assessing a client who has pulmonary tuberculosis. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect? LethargyHigh-grade fever Weight gain Dry cough A nurse is caring for a client who has asthma and developed viral pharyngitis. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect? Petechiae on the chest and the abdomen WBC 16,000/mm3 Negative throat culture Severe hyperemia of pharyngeal mucosa A nurse is developing a plan of care for a client who has COPD. The nurse should include which of the following interventions in the plan? Restrict the client's fluid intake to less than 2 L/day. Provide the client with a low-protein diet. Have the client use the early-morning hours for exercise and activity. Instruct the client to use pursed-lip breathing. A nurse is providing education to a school-age child who has a new diagnosis of asthma. Which of the following statements should the nurse include in the teaching? "Take cromolyn sodium at the first sign of breathing difficulty.""You should stop playing basketball, but you can swim instead." "Use the peak expiratory flow meter once per week." "Avoid triggers that cause an attack." The nurse should emphasize that the ability to prevent asthma attacks can be improved by avoiding allergens that the child is sensitive to. Triggers can include animals, dust, certain foods, pollen, and grass. Clients who have asthma manifestations throughout the year should receive allergy testing to determine specific triggers. A nurse is providing discharge teaching to a client who has asthma and a new prescription for fluticasone/salmeterol. For which of the following adverse effects should the nurse instruct the client to report to the provider? Sedation Increased appetite White coating in the mouth Dry oral mucous membranes A nurse is teaching a client who has asthma about how to use an albuterol inhaler. Which of the following actions by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching? The client holds his breath for 10 seconds after inhaling the medication. The client takes a quick inhalation while releasing the medication from the inhaler. The client exhales as the medication is released from the inhaler. The client waits 10 min between inhalations. A nurse is teaching a client who has chronic obstructive pulmonary disease about ways to facilitate eating. Which of the following statements indicates a need for further teaching? "I will rest for at least 30 minutes before eating.""I will take my bronchodilators after meals." "I will eat five or six small meals each day." "I will choose foods that are not gas-forming." A nurse is providing discharge teaching to a client who has a new prescription for home oxygen therapy via a nasal cannula. Which of the following should the nurse include in the teaching? (Select all that apply.) (Select All that Apply.) Apply petroleum ointment to nares if they become dry and irritated. Post “no smoking” signs in a prominent location in the home. Check the tops of the ears for skin breakdown. Verify the oxygen flow rate every other day. Check the cannula position on a regular basis. A nurse is teaching a client who has a hiatal hernia about dietary recommendations. Which of the following client statements indicates an understanding of the teaching? (Select all that apply.) (Select All that Apply.) "I will try not to gain weight." "I will sleep with the head of my bed elevated." "I will lie down for one half hour after meals." "I will consume less caffeine and fewer spicy foods." "I will drink less fluid." A nurse is providing discharge teaching to a client who will be receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPN) at home. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include? (Select all that apply.) (Select All that Apply.)"Stop using TPN once weight gain is achieved." "Keep the TPN refrigerated when not in use." "Shake the TPN bag with fat emulsion if precipitate is present." "Maintain TPN infusion rate when behind schedule." "Infuse 10 percent dextrose and water if the solution runs out." A nurse is caring for a client who has tuberculosis and new prescriptions for rifampin and pyrazinamide. Which of the following laboratory tests should the nurse instruct the client will be required while on this medication regimen? Liver function tests Pyrazinamide and rifampin can both cause hepatotoxicity, thus the provider will monitor liver function regularly. Gallbladder studies Thyroid function studies Blood glucose levels A nurse working for a home health agency is teaching a client who has diabetes mellitus about disease management. Which of the following glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) values should the nurse include in the teaching as an indicator that the client is appropriately controlling his glucose levels? 6.3% 7.8% 8.5% 10% A nurse is assessing a client who is on long term omeprazole therapy. Which of the following findings should indicate to the nurse the medication is effective? Increased appetiteRegular bowel movements Absence of headache Reduced dyspepsia A nurse is teaching the parents of a child who is to start using a metered-dose inhaler (MDI) to treat asthma. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the teaching? "The spacer increases the amount of medication delivered to the oropharynx." "The spacer increases the amount of medication delivered to the lungs." "Inhale rapidly using the spacer with the MDI." "Cover exhalation slots of the spacer with lips when inhaling." A nurse is preparing a presentation about ginkgo biloba to a group of clients. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the teaching? "Ginkgo biloba can help reduce feelings of restlessness." "Ginkgo biloba may enhance wound healing." "Ginkgo biloba can improve memory." "Ginkgo biloba relieves pain and inflammation of the mouth." A nurse is teaching a client who has a new prescription for sucralfate to treat a gastric ulcer. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching? "I will take this medication as needed to reduce pain." "I will reduce my fluid intake with this medication.""I will take this medication with an antacid." "I will take this medication 1 hour before meals and at bedtime." A nurse is developing a plan of care for a client who practices Islam. Which of the following actions should the nurse include in the plan? Serve foods that have a hot/cold balance. Serve milk products separately from meals. Request a meal tray without pork. Remove tea and coffee from meal trays. A nurse is caring for a client with diabetes mellitus who is prescribed regular insulin via a sliding scale. After administering the correct dose at 0715, the nurse should ensure the client receives breakfast at which of the following times? 0720 0730 0745 0815 A nurse is providing teaching about ileostomy care to a client. Which of the following statements by the client indicates a need for further teaching? "I will empty my pouch when it becomes 1/3 full." "I will be certain to take enteric-coated medications." "I will change my entire pouch system at least weekly.""I will use caution when eating high fiber foods." A nurse is caring for a group of clients. Which of the following clients should the nurse identify as having an increased risk of aspiration while eating? (Select all that apply.) (Select All that Apply.) A client who has lactose intolerance A client who has had a cerebrovascular accident A client who has had prolonged diarrhea A client who is 4 hr postoperative following a leg amputation with general anesthesia A client who has had radiation therapy for head and neck cancer A nurse is reviewing blood pressure classifications with a group of nurses at an in-service meeting. Which of the following should the nurse include as a risk factor for the development of hypertension? High-density lipoprotein (HDL) level of 70 mg/dL A diet high in potassium Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) Taking benazepril A nurse is caring for a client who has a tracheostomy. Which of the following interventions should the nurse implement when performing tracheostomy care? Use aseptic technique. Clean the inner cannula with mild soap and water. Secure new tracheostomy ties before removing old ones. Apply suction when inserting the catheter.A nurse is teaching a client who has constipation. Which of the following should the nurse discuss as causes of constipation? (Select all that apply.) (Select All that Apply.) Increased fiber in the diet Increased activity Excessive laxative use Inadequate fluid intake Ignoring the urge to defecate A nurse is planning the discharge of a client who has sleep apnea and requires bi-level positive airway pressure (BiPAP) at night. The nurse should plan to consult with which of the following health care team members to help educate the client? Occupational therapist Physical therapist Respiratory therapist Case manager A nurse is instructing a client who has GERD about positions that can help minimize the effects of reflux during sleep. Which of the following statements indicates to the nurse that the client understands the instructions? "I will lie on my left side to sleep at night." "I will lie on my right side to sleep at night.""I will sleep on my back with my head flat." "I will sleep on my stomach with my head flat." A nurse is presenting an in-service about the use of postural drainage for infants who have cystic fibrosis. Which of the following positions should the nurse identify as being contraindicated for the infant? Trendelenburg Sitting on a nurse's lap leaning forward Supine Sitting on a nurse's lap leaning backward A nurse is administering sucralfate to a client who has a gastric ulcer. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? Instruct the client to chew the sucralfate for fasting absorption. Administer the medication without food or fluids. The nurse should administer the medication to the client on an empty stomach for best absorption. Limit the client's fluids while on sucralfate therapy. Administer sucralfate with an antacid. A nurse is evaluating teaching on a client who has a new prescription for montelukast to treat asthma. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching? "I'll rinse my mouth after taking this medication." "I'll take this medication when I get an asthma attack." "I'll take this medication once a day in the evening.""I'll use a spacer device when I inhale this medication." A charge nurse is teaching a group of nurses about clients who report using garlic, ginger, and ginkgo biloba. The charge nurse should identify which of the following as an adverse effect of these supplements? Decreased effects of antirejection medication Decreased effects of antianxiety medications Increased effects of oral anticoagulants Increased effects of antidepressant medications A nurse is caring for a client who has chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The client tells the nurse, "I can feel the congestion in my lungs, and I certainly cough a lot, but I can't seem to bring anything up." Which of the following actions should the nurse take to help this client with tenacious bronchial secretions? Maintaining a semi-Fowler's position as often as possible Administering oxygen via nasal cannula at 2 L/min Helping the client select a low-salt diet Encouraging the client to drink 2 to 3 L of water daily A nurse is reviewing the medical record of a client who has a peptic ulcer. Which of the following findings should the nurse recognize as a risk factor for this condition? History of bulimia History of NSAID useDrinks green tea Has a glass of wine with dinner each day A nurse is teaching a client who has emphysema about self-management strategies. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching? "I will inhale slowly through pursed lips to help me breathe better." "I will avoid getting a flu shot." "I will follow a daily diet high in calories and protein." "I will lie on my stomach to practice abdominal breathing every day." A nurse is caring for a client who has asthma and is taking fluticasone. The nurse should monitor the client for which of the following adverse effects? Oral candidiasis Fluticasone can cause oral candidiasis, or thrush; therefore, the client should rinse her mouth with water. A nurse in a long-term care facility is caring for an older adult client who had a stroke 4 weeks ago and who is unable to move independently. The nurse should monitor for which of the following complications of immobility? A reddened area over the sacrum Stiffness in the lower extremities Difficulty moving the upper extremitiesDifficulty hearing some types of sounds A nurse is teaching a client who has chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and is to start using fluticasone by MDI twice daily. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include? "Check your heart rate before each dose." "Inspect your mouth for lesions daily." "Use this medication to relieve an acute attack." "Skip the morning dose if you do not have any symptoms." A nurse is providing teaching to a client with a colostomy about appropriate food choices. Which of the following foods should the nurse include in the teaching? Eggs Dried peas Pasta Dried fruits A nurse is caring for a client who reports having chronic constipation. Which of the following herbal supplements should the nurse recommend? Ginseng Coenzyme Q-10 Cranberry juice FlaxseedA nurse is caring for a client who asks how albuterol helps his breathing. Which of the following responses should the nurse make? (Select all that apply.) (Select All that Apply.) The medication will reduce inflammation. The medication will decrease coughing episodes. The medication will prevent wheezing. The medication will open the airways. The medication will stimulate flow of mucus. A nurse is teaching the mother of a child who has cystic fibrosis and has a prescription for pancreatic enzymes three times per day. Which of the following statements indicates that the mother understands the teaching? "My child will take the enzymes to improve her metabolism." "My child will take the enzymes following meals." "My child will take the enzymes to help digest the fat in foods." "My child will take the enzymes 2 hours before meals." A nurse is providing teaching to a client who has a new colostomy. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the teaching? "You can expect fecal output within 24 hours." "You will need to increase your dietary intake of raw vegetables." "You can expect the stoma to be purplish in color for the first week." "You may experience a small amount of bleeding around the stoma."A nurse is preparing a teaching plan for a client who has chronic constipation secondary to irregular bowel habits. Which of the following should the nurse plan to include in the teaching? The client should drink two to three 8 oz glasses of water each day. The client should follow a high-fiber diet to establish bowel regularity. The client should try to take in all of the required dietary fiber with the morning meal. The client should be taught that the goal of therapy is to have a bowel movement daily. 1. Metabolic/Respiratory ABG Values: Arterial blood gas (ABG) values can indicate the status of a patient's acid-base balance and respiratory function. In metabolic acidosis, pH is low (7.35), bicarbonate (HCO3-) is low (22 mEq/L), and partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2) may be normal or low. In respiratory acidosis, pH is low (7.35), PaCO2 is high (45 mmHg), and HCO3- may be normal or slightly elevated. Conversely, in metabolic alkalosis, pH is high (7.45), HCO3- is high (26 mEq/L), and PaCO2 may be normal or slightly elevated. In respiratory alkalosis, pH is high (7.45), PaCO2 is low (35 mmHg), and HCO3- may be normal or low. 2. Hemodialysis and Peritoneal Dialysis: Both hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis are renal replacement therapies used for patients with end-stage renal disease. Hemodialysis involves filtering the blood through a machine that removes waste products and excess fluids, while peritoneal dialysis involves using the peritoneum (the lining of the abdomen) as a membrane for fluid and waste exchange. Each method has its own advantages and considerations depending on the patient's condition and lifestyle. 3. Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases: Obstructive pulmonary diseases, such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and bronchiectasis, are characterized by airway obstruction that makes it difficult for air to flow out of the lungs. Symptoms typically include wheezing, shortness of breath, coughing, and chest tightness. Diagnosis and management depend on the specificcondition and may involve medications, inhalers, pulmonary rehabilitation, and lifestyle modifications. 4. Colostomy Recognition: A colostomy is a surgical procedure that creates an opening (stoma) in the abdominal wall through which a portion of the colon is brought to the surface to divert stool away from a diseased or damaged part of the colon. The stoma may appear as a pink or red, moist, and slightly protruding structure on the abdomen. It is important to provide appropriate care and support for individuals with a colostomy to maintain skin integrity and promote comfort. 5. Lab Values: Lab values vary depending on the specific test being conducted. Common lab tests include complete blood count (CBC), basic metabolic panel (BMP), comprehensive metabolic panel (CMP), lipid panel, liver function tests (LFTs), and coagulation studies, among others. Interpretation of lab values requires knowledge of reference ranges and clinical context. 6. Metered Dose Inhaler (MDI) Usage: The sequence of steps for using a metered dose inhaler typically includes:  Shake the inhaler well.  Exhale fully.  Place the inhaler mouthpiece between the lips or teeth with a tight seal.  Press down on the inhaler to release the medication while simultaneously inhaling deeply and slowly.  Hold your breath for 10 seconds.  Exhale slowly.  Wait for the prescribed interval before repeating the dose or administering a different medication. 7. Cyanosis in Dark-Skinned Individuals: Cyanosis, which indicates low oxygen levels in the blood, may present as a bluish discoloration of the skin, lips, or nail beds. In dark-skinned individuals, cyanosis may be more difficult to detect visually. However, areas such as the mucous membranes (e.g., lips, tongue, oral mucosa) or nail beds may show a bluish tint. 8. Placement of SpO2 Probe for Patients with Skin Burns: When assessing oxygen saturation (SpO2) in patients with skin burns, it is important to avoid placing the probe on damaged or burned skin, as this can affect the accuracy of the reading. Instead, consider alternate sites such as the earlobe, forehead, or unaffected areas of the skin for optimal SpO2 monitoring. Behind the earlobe is a commonly used site for SpO2 probe placement, particularly if other sites are affected by burns. These are basic overviews of the topics you mentioned. Let me know if you need more detailed information on any specific aspect!A nurse is developing a plan of care for a client who practices Islam. Which of the following actions should the nurse include in the plan? Request a meal tray without pork. Clients who practice Islam do not eat pork. Clients who practice the Hindu, Seventh-Day Adventist, Mormon, and Jewish faiths abstain from pork as well. A nurse is assessing a client who is on long term omeprazole therapy. Which of the following findings should indicate to the nurse the medication is effective? . Reduced dyspepsia Omeprazole, a proton pump inhibitor, reduces gastric acid secretion and treats duodenal and gastric ulcers, prolonged dyspepsia, gastrointestinal reflux disease, and erosive esophagitis.A nurse is providing teaching about ileostomy care to a client. Which of the following statements by the client indicates a need for further teaching? "I will empty my pouch when it becomes 1/3 full." This is an appropriate statement and does not require additional teaching. The client should empty the pouch when it becomes 1/3 to 1/2 full. "I will be certain to take enteric-coated medications." This is not an appropriate statement and indicates a need for additional teaching. Enteric-coated medications should be avoided to reduce the risk of blockage caused by the coating.A nurse is assessing a client who is on long term omeprazole therapy. Which of the following findings should indicate to the nurse the medication is effective? Increased appetite Omeprazole does not increase appetite. Nausea is an adverse effect of this medication. Regular bowel movements Omeprazole does not produce regular bowel movements. Diarrhea is an adverse effect of this medication. Absence of headache MY ANSWER Omeprazole does not treat headaches. Headaches are an adverse effect of this medication. Reduced dyspepsia Omeprazole, a proton pump inhibitor, reduces gastric acid secretion and treats duodenal and gastric ulcers, prolonged dyspepsia, gastrointestinal reflux disease, and erosive esophagitis.