PSY 352 TEST PAPER 2025/2026 QUESTIONS AND
SOLUTIONS GRADED A+ TIP
✔✔Plater - ✔✔The writer of 'Practice of Medicine' he outlined several different types of
mental disorders, including consternation, foolishness, mania, delirium, hallucinations,
convulsions, drunkenness, hypochondria, disturbance of sleep, and unusual dreams.
✔✔Pinel - ✔✔He slowly improved the treatment of the mentally ill through unchaining
and segregating them based on their behavior. He also encouraged occupational
therapy, favored baths and mild purgatives as physical treatments, and argued
forcefully against the use of any type of punishment or exorcism
✔✔Chiarugi - ✔✔He introduced humanitarian reforms to the psychiatric hospital care of
people with mental disorders. He also provided work and recreational activities for his
patients and recorded detailed case histories.
✔✔Tuke - ✔✔A Quaker horrified by the workings of lunatic asylums, he founded the
York Retreat where he promoted more humane custody and care for people with mental
disorders. He used what he called gentler methods that came to be known as moral
treatment.
✔✔Dix - ✔✔After campaigning for over 40 years, she vastly improved treatment of
mental illness and her work brought about institutional reforms in the states and across
the US and Europe.
✔✔Rush - ✔✔Sometimes referred to as the first psychiatrist in the United States, he
wrote 'e Medical Inquiries and Observations Upon the Diseases of the Mind', where he
encouraged more humane treatment for the mentally ill. Despite this, he still advocated
bloodletting and use of rotating and tranquilizing chairs.
✔✔Kraepelin - ✔✔With the goal of classifying mental illness, he published a list of
mental disorders in 1883 that was so thorough it was adopted throughout the world and
lasted for decades. He was also among the first to systematically study the effects of
drugs on various cognitive and behavioral functions.
✔✔Witmer - ✔✔Founder of both the first psychological clinic and the journal
'Psychological Clinic', and the clinical term "psychology". He claimed that experimental
psychology can be useful in helping people, that help can be best provided through
clinical psychology, and that it should be highly research oriented and be closely allied
with basic psychology.
✔✔Clinical Psychology - ✔✔A field of psychology that is independent of both medicine
and education.
, ✔✔Mesmer - ✔✔The well-known developer of what would later be known as animal
magnetism, a commission of inquiry discounted would later discount his findings. He
also founded the contagion effect, which had much more validity.
✔✔Animal Magnetism - ✔✔A "magnetic" cure in which magnetic forces from healthy
people were employed to heal the unhealthy.
✔✔Contagion Effect - ✔✔Patients will not respond to suggestion when alone with a
physician, but will do so readily after seeing others respond.
✔✔The Nancy School - ✔✔The "school", which was located just outside of the city of
Nancy, France, grew out of the work of Ambroise Auguste Liébeault through the
hypnosis of his patients. Hippolyte Bernheim became their major spokesperson, where
he contended that all humans are suggestible, but some are more so than others,
making them easier to hypnotize.
✔✔Charcot - ✔✔An accomplished neurologist, he developed the use of hypnosis for
treatment of hysteria, and concluded that hypnotizability indicated the presence of
hysteria. Through hypnosis the doctor could relieve the effects of traumatic events,
which would dispel the hysteria symptoms.
✔✔Herbart - ✔✔He suggested that there was a threshold above which an idea is
conscious and below which an idea is unconscious.
✔✔Schopenhauer - ✔✔He believed that humans were governed more by irrational
desires than by reason. He also anticipated Freud's concepts of repression and
sublimation.
✔✔Freud's Contribution To Psychology - ✔✔The founder of psychoanalysis, his
analysis of personality would later be undermined due to his overreliance on his biased
views of sexuality and it's role in the unconscious.
✔✔The Cathartic Method - ✔✔Founded by Breuer using hypnosis as his therapeutic
method, it's the alleviation of hysterical symptoms by allowing pathogenic ideas to be
expressed consciously.
✔✔Transference - ✔✔The process by which a patient responds to the therapist as if the
therapist were a relevant person in the patient's life.
✔✔Resistance - ✔✔The tendency for patients to inhibit the recollection of traumatic
experiences, causing them to hold back from further discussion.
✔✔Countertransference - ✔✔The process by which a therapist becomes emotionally
involved with a patient.
SOLUTIONS GRADED A+ TIP
✔✔Plater - ✔✔The writer of 'Practice of Medicine' he outlined several different types of
mental disorders, including consternation, foolishness, mania, delirium, hallucinations,
convulsions, drunkenness, hypochondria, disturbance of sleep, and unusual dreams.
✔✔Pinel - ✔✔He slowly improved the treatment of the mentally ill through unchaining
and segregating them based on their behavior. He also encouraged occupational
therapy, favored baths and mild purgatives as physical treatments, and argued
forcefully against the use of any type of punishment or exorcism
✔✔Chiarugi - ✔✔He introduced humanitarian reforms to the psychiatric hospital care of
people with mental disorders. He also provided work and recreational activities for his
patients and recorded detailed case histories.
✔✔Tuke - ✔✔A Quaker horrified by the workings of lunatic asylums, he founded the
York Retreat where he promoted more humane custody and care for people with mental
disorders. He used what he called gentler methods that came to be known as moral
treatment.
✔✔Dix - ✔✔After campaigning for over 40 years, she vastly improved treatment of
mental illness and her work brought about institutional reforms in the states and across
the US and Europe.
✔✔Rush - ✔✔Sometimes referred to as the first psychiatrist in the United States, he
wrote 'e Medical Inquiries and Observations Upon the Diseases of the Mind', where he
encouraged more humane treatment for the mentally ill. Despite this, he still advocated
bloodletting and use of rotating and tranquilizing chairs.
✔✔Kraepelin - ✔✔With the goal of classifying mental illness, he published a list of
mental disorders in 1883 that was so thorough it was adopted throughout the world and
lasted for decades. He was also among the first to systematically study the effects of
drugs on various cognitive and behavioral functions.
✔✔Witmer - ✔✔Founder of both the first psychological clinic and the journal
'Psychological Clinic', and the clinical term "psychology". He claimed that experimental
psychology can be useful in helping people, that help can be best provided through
clinical psychology, and that it should be highly research oriented and be closely allied
with basic psychology.
✔✔Clinical Psychology - ✔✔A field of psychology that is independent of both medicine
and education.
, ✔✔Mesmer - ✔✔The well-known developer of what would later be known as animal
magnetism, a commission of inquiry discounted would later discount his findings. He
also founded the contagion effect, which had much more validity.
✔✔Animal Magnetism - ✔✔A "magnetic" cure in which magnetic forces from healthy
people were employed to heal the unhealthy.
✔✔Contagion Effect - ✔✔Patients will not respond to suggestion when alone with a
physician, but will do so readily after seeing others respond.
✔✔The Nancy School - ✔✔The "school", which was located just outside of the city of
Nancy, France, grew out of the work of Ambroise Auguste Liébeault through the
hypnosis of his patients. Hippolyte Bernheim became their major spokesperson, where
he contended that all humans are suggestible, but some are more so than others,
making them easier to hypnotize.
✔✔Charcot - ✔✔An accomplished neurologist, he developed the use of hypnosis for
treatment of hysteria, and concluded that hypnotizability indicated the presence of
hysteria. Through hypnosis the doctor could relieve the effects of traumatic events,
which would dispel the hysteria symptoms.
✔✔Herbart - ✔✔He suggested that there was a threshold above which an idea is
conscious and below which an idea is unconscious.
✔✔Schopenhauer - ✔✔He believed that humans were governed more by irrational
desires than by reason. He also anticipated Freud's concepts of repression and
sublimation.
✔✔Freud's Contribution To Psychology - ✔✔The founder of psychoanalysis, his
analysis of personality would later be undermined due to his overreliance on his biased
views of sexuality and it's role in the unconscious.
✔✔The Cathartic Method - ✔✔Founded by Breuer using hypnosis as his therapeutic
method, it's the alleviation of hysterical symptoms by allowing pathogenic ideas to be
expressed consciously.
✔✔Transference - ✔✔The process by which a patient responds to the therapist as if the
therapist were a relevant person in the patient's life.
✔✔Resistance - ✔✔The tendency for patients to inhibit the recollection of traumatic
experiences, causing them to hold back from further discussion.
✔✔Countertransference - ✔✔The process by which a therapist becomes emotionally
involved with a patient.
