BM1100 Summary
Foundational studies in management:
Scientific Management and Human Relations and how have they evolved since their founding?
Understanding Organizational Behavior
1. Organizational Behavior is "the systematic study and application of knowledge about how individuals
and groups act within the organizations where they work"
2. Empirical: knowledge is derived from observation or experiments, not common sense or intuition
3. Communication skills (verbal and written)
4. Honesty/integrity
5. Interpersonal skills (relates well to others)
6. Motivation/initiative
7. Strong work ethic
More engaged organizational member
Getting along with others
Getting a great job
Lowering your stress level
Making more effective decisions
Working effectively within a team
People are a company's greatest asset. A company is only as good as the people it keeps.
Field of psychology – topics such as personality and motivation
Field of sociology – topic of team processes
Political sciences – power and influence
Medical science – study of stress and its effects on individuals
Three levels of analysis in Organizational Behavior
,Successful organizations common characteristics
Providing employment security
Engaging in selective hiring
Utilizing self-managed teams
Being decentralized
Paying well
Training employees
Reducing status differences
Sharing information
OB Toolbox: Skill Survival Kit
Keep your skills fresh
Master something (excelling at sth will set you apart)
Embrace ambiguity
Network
Appreciate new technology
Journaling as a developmental tool
Journaling: the process of writing out thoughts and emotions on a regular basis
Understanding Your Learning Style
Learning Styles
Visual learner
draw pictures and diagrams to help you understand;
take careful notes during class so you can refer back to them later on;
summarize the main points of what you learn using charts.
Auditory learner
join study groups so you can discuss your questions and ideas and hear responses;
, write down any oral instructions you hear in class right away;
consider taping lectures if your professor says it is OK and view online lectures on topics you are
interested in.
Kinesthetic learner
schedule your homework and study sessions so you can take breaks and move around between
reading your notes or chapters;
take good notes during class—this will force you to pay attention and process information even when
you feel like you are “getting it”;
don’t sign up for long once-a-week classes—they normally require too much sitting and listening
time.
Understanding How OB Research is Done
Research Methods to test hypothesis
Surveys
Field studies
Laboratory studies
Case studies
In-depth descriptions of a single industry or company
Provide rich information for drawing conclusions about the circumstances and people involved in
the topics studied but its sometimes difficult to generalize what worked
Meta-analysis
Technique used by researches to summarize what other researchers have found on a given topic
Taking observed correlations from multiple studies, weighting them by the number of observations
in each study and finding out if overall the effect holds or not
Gives more definite answer but only possible if sufficient research has been done on the topic in
question
Measurement issues
Reliability: refers to consistency of the measurement
Validity: refers to the underlying truth of the measurement
Management research addresses correlations between two concepts rather than actual causation
Correlation: two things co-vary
2.1 Scientific Management and Job Design
Employer responsibility for workers
, p y p y
Clear separation of planning and execution of work
Time-motion studies
break down jobs and make them as efficient and safe as possible
time how long it took a worker to perform a certain set of motions
manager's responsibility to study the work being done and tell workers how it could be improved
manager's job to design the work so that each individual worker was working at their own
optimal pace using their own optimal set of tools
scientific management
Piece-rate pay
linking pay to output
assumption about human nature underlying SM is that people are primarily economic actors
motived by financial rewards
people were primarily economic actors motivated by money
Job specialization
where complex job processes were broken down into simpler tasks
outcome of time-motion studies
Each job would be carefully planned by managers through close observation of the work process
Employees would be trained and paid to perform the tasks in the way specified by management
paid according to their own ability
assembly line production system: workers experience negative psychological states as a result
of the repetitive nature of this kind of work
Job (re)design
Job Characteristics Model (JCM):
to analyze a job according to these dimensions which then can be linked to critical psychological
states that workers experience on the job, and by doing these analysis, can predict these
positive personal and work outcomes that organizations are trying to achieve
employee growth need strength: moderates how important all these dimensions and
psychological states are to achieving personal and work outcomes
high: having a job that fulfills these core dimensions will be important to achieving
psychological states than workers with low growth needs
Foundational studies in management:
Scientific Management and Human Relations and how have they evolved since their founding?
Understanding Organizational Behavior
1. Organizational Behavior is "the systematic study and application of knowledge about how individuals
and groups act within the organizations where they work"
2. Empirical: knowledge is derived from observation or experiments, not common sense or intuition
3. Communication skills (verbal and written)
4. Honesty/integrity
5. Interpersonal skills (relates well to others)
6. Motivation/initiative
7. Strong work ethic
More engaged organizational member
Getting along with others
Getting a great job
Lowering your stress level
Making more effective decisions
Working effectively within a team
People are a company's greatest asset. A company is only as good as the people it keeps.
Field of psychology – topics such as personality and motivation
Field of sociology – topic of team processes
Political sciences – power and influence
Medical science – study of stress and its effects on individuals
Three levels of analysis in Organizational Behavior
,Successful organizations common characteristics
Providing employment security
Engaging in selective hiring
Utilizing self-managed teams
Being decentralized
Paying well
Training employees
Reducing status differences
Sharing information
OB Toolbox: Skill Survival Kit
Keep your skills fresh
Master something (excelling at sth will set you apart)
Embrace ambiguity
Network
Appreciate new technology
Journaling as a developmental tool
Journaling: the process of writing out thoughts and emotions on a regular basis
Understanding Your Learning Style
Learning Styles
Visual learner
draw pictures and diagrams to help you understand;
take careful notes during class so you can refer back to them later on;
summarize the main points of what you learn using charts.
Auditory learner
join study groups so you can discuss your questions and ideas and hear responses;
, write down any oral instructions you hear in class right away;
consider taping lectures if your professor says it is OK and view online lectures on topics you are
interested in.
Kinesthetic learner
schedule your homework and study sessions so you can take breaks and move around between
reading your notes or chapters;
take good notes during class—this will force you to pay attention and process information even when
you feel like you are “getting it”;
don’t sign up for long once-a-week classes—they normally require too much sitting and listening
time.
Understanding How OB Research is Done
Research Methods to test hypothesis
Surveys
Field studies
Laboratory studies
Case studies
In-depth descriptions of a single industry or company
Provide rich information for drawing conclusions about the circumstances and people involved in
the topics studied but its sometimes difficult to generalize what worked
Meta-analysis
Technique used by researches to summarize what other researchers have found on a given topic
Taking observed correlations from multiple studies, weighting them by the number of observations
in each study and finding out if overall the effect holds or not
Gives more definite answer but only possible if sufficient research has been done on the topic in
question
Measurement issues
Reliability: refers to consistency of the measurement
Validity: refers to the underlying truth of the measurement
Management research addresses correlations between two concepts rather than actual causation
Correlation: two things co-vary
2.1 Scientific Management and Job Design
Employer responsibility for workers
, p y p y
Clear separation of planning and execution of work
Time-motion studies
break down jobs and make them as efficient and safe as possible
time how long it took a worker to perform a certain set of motions
manager's responsibility to study the work being done and tell workers how it could be improved
manager's job to design the work so that each individual worker was working at their own
optimal pace using their own optimal set of tools
scientific management
Piece-rate pay
linking pay to output
assumption about human nature underlying SM is that people are primarily economic actors
motived by financial rewards
people were primarily economic actors motivated by money
Job specialization
where complex job processes were broken down into simpler tasks
outcome of time-motion studies
Each job would be carefully planned by managers through close observation of the work process
Employees would be trained and paid to perform the tasks in the way specified by management
paid according to their own ability
assembly line production system: workers experience negative psychological states as a result
of the repetitive nature of this kind of work
Job (re)design
Job Characteristics Model (JCM):
to analyze a job according to these dimensions which then can be linked to critical psychological
states that workers experience on the job, and by doing these analysis, can predict these
positive personal and work outcomes that organizations are trying to achieve
employee growth need strength: moderates how important all these dimensions and
psychological states are to achieving personal and work outcomes
high: having a job that fulfills these core dimensions will be important to achieving
psychological states than workers with low growth needs
